Performance of Emerald Pear in Zunhua, Hebei Province

Emerald pear was bred by cross between Zaocu and Zhengzhou fruit tree of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the new century. Zunhua City introduced emerald pear from Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Institute in 2003. High grafting was carried out in Xiafu Village, Xisanli Township, and the 6-year-old Yantai pear was replaced.

1. The situation and management of the experimental park. The soil of the connecting garden is sandy loam and has the condition of watering. The management level is medium. Spring with wood bud grafting, using multi-head high grafting. The tree was in good shape at that time. The grafted emerald pear accounted for 1 row, with a total of 32 plants. the survival rate of grafting was 97.7%. Remove the cuttings in time after the grafting survived. Unbind and bind the sticks around the 40cm of the new shoots, and remove the sticks after the new shoots are lignified. Organic fertilizer 2000-3000kg was applied every year after autumn or spring, topdressing before sprouting and rapid expansion of fruit, mainly nitrogen fertilizer before budding, urea 25-30kg per mu at full fruit stage and pear special fertilizer during fruit expansion period. 100~150kg was applied to every mu of trees in the full fruit period. Combined with fertilization for watering. Bagging in the middle and late May of successive years, spraying 1000 times of 70% methyl topiramate before bagging + 80% Dasheng M45800 times + 10% imidacloprid 500 times. Fruit spacing 20~25cm, picking with bags. Winter shearing is relatively light, mainly short cutting, rarely thinning branches; summer shearing is used to pull branches, carve buds and other methods. Spraying 3-5 °Be stone sulfur mixture before sprouting every year, spraying 20% imidacloprid 3000 times to control aphids, 10% polyoxymycin 1000 times to control black spot, 20% thiazuron 3 2000 times to control heart borer and other diseases and insect pests.

2. Growth and fruiting characteristics and resistance

(1) growth characteristics. According to the observation, the emerald pear has strong branch strength, and the crown is formed quickly and the garden appearance is neat by using the method of light cutting and long release. After throwing away the long branches, all the long branches can germinate into short branches and short fruit branches, and the medium and long branches are very few. The flowering rate is more than 90%.

(2) early fruit and high yield. Lvshu pear began to bear fruit in the second year after grafting, the average yield per plant was 13.5kg, and the average yield per plant in the following 3 years was 34.3kg, equivalent to 1926.4kg per mu. In the following 5 years, the average plant yield was 50.3kg, equivalent to 2816.8kg per mu. It can be said that the early fruit yield of emerald pear is very strong.

(3) fruit characters. In 2006, the average single fruit weight of emerald was 2689. Maximum 4029, bagged fruit shape is correct, fruit surface is smooth, fruit spot is more obvious, background color is yellow and green, part of sepals persist, fruit firmness is 8.7kg per square centimeter, pulp is white, delicate, sweet and juicy, crisp and delicious. Soluble sugar content 12.7%. The overall quality is excellent.

(4) phenological phase. After years of observation, in Zunhua, Lvshu pear sprouted in mid-March, flowered in mid-April, flowered for about 10 days, fruit expansion in late June, and fruit ripening in early August.

(5) resistance. In recent years, no scab and pear planthopper occurred in emerald pear. Only slight aphids occurred, and better control effect was obtained after spraying imidacloprid. Black spot and heart-eating insects occurred in a few years, but all were controlled in time.

To sum up. Emerald pear performs well and grows fast in Zunhua. Early fruit has strong high yield, large fruit size and strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, so it is an excellent variety of early ripening and large fruit type which is worth popularizing.