Cultivation techniques of Upland Rice in Heilongjiang Province

This year, Sun Baoxiang, a farmer from Heli Village, Renmin Town, Anda City, Heilongjiang Province, introduced 65 new varieties of upland rice from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Beijing. Due to the severe drought this year, under the careful cultivation of technicians and farmers, upland rice harvested 2521kg after autumn, with an average yield of 252.1kg per mu. Although the yield of upland rice was not high in the three years of the disaster, the success of planting upland rice has opened up a new way to get rich for the development of upland rice production in the future.

I. High-quality varieties should be adapted to increase benefits and birth dates.

In order to develop upland rice production, we must first choose varieties with good rice quality and good taste, which can be compared with high-quality rice varieties. The second is to choose varieties whose growth period is similar to that of the local frost-free period. for example, if the frost-free period in Anda City is about 125 days, then the growth period of the selected varieties should leave some leeway, that is, the varieties with about 120 days. You can't take a chance to choose varieties with full load or super-long growth period, so as not to cause undue losses.

II. The quality of land preparation must be adhered to, and the standards of fertilization must be kept in mind.

The cultivation of upland rice mainly adopts the planting method of flat sowing border tube, so the method of soil preparation and fertilization is basically the same as that of planting flat sowing. In the selection of stubble, we must choose clean stubble, such as corn, soybean stubble, preferably autumn soil preparation and autumn fertilization. Large-scale machinery should be used in soil preparation to achieve deep loosening and shallow turning, leveling and raking at one time. The standard of deep loosening is 18-22cm, and the shallow turning of 15-17cm. Farm manure should be fully applied before land preparation, with a standard of more than 2 cubic meters per mu. One-time autumn application of chemical fertilizer was carried out during soil preparation, with standard diammonium phosphate 15kg, urea 10kg and potassium sulfate 5kg per mu. If there are difficulties in soil preparation in autumn, we can also take the top of the mountain in early spring, and the standard is the same as that in autumn.

Third, select improved varieties to protect sprouts, sow seeds scientifically and catch seedlings.

The method of upland rice seed selection is consistent with that of rice seed selection. The specific method is: first of all, do the seed germination test. If the seed germination rate reaches more than 95%, it can be used, and then selected. The seeds were selected with salt water or yellow mud soup. The method of preparing salt water is that 10kg water is added to 2-2.1kg salt, and the method of yellow mud soup is that 10kg water is mixed with 3kg loess, so that the specific gravity of liquid reaches 1.13, the seeds are poured into the prepared liquid for flotation, the floating blighted seeds are fished out, and then the remaining seeds in clear water are disinfected for 3 times. For example, soak the seeds with 0.3% copper sulfate solution, rinse them with clean water twice after 48 hours, and finally dry the seeds in the shade to prepare for sowing.

The sowing method of upland rice is basically the same as that of wheat. Even if the 48-row seeder is used, the seeder should be adjusted to 25cm so that the row spacing of upland rice is 25cm, and the row is sown in a single row. When sowing, the seeds and seed fertilizer must be divided into boxes and layers, so as to avoid mixed sowing and burning seeds. The amount of fertilizer is generally about 5kg (urea). The sowing date is about May 5. The sowing rate is 5-6kg per mu of dry seed. It is suitable to protect seedlings (basic seedlings) 16-190000 plants per mu. If the seedling preservation rate of upland rice is too low, the tillering rate of upland rice will increase, resulting in delayed growth in the later stage and the formation of invalid spikelets, thus affecting the yield. the production mechanism of planting upland rice must be based on the main spike, the tiller spikelet as the auxiliary, and the yield per plant population.

IV. Proper timely management and coordination of water and fertilizer to kill weeds first

The field management of upland rice should be carried out according to the growth process, soil physical and chemical properties and climatic conditions of upland rice. The principle of irrigation is irrigation in case of drought, irrigation is carried out in the vigorous growth period of upland rice (tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage), so that the field capacity is maintained at about 60%. At the same time, fertilizing should be carried out by stages at the tillering stage and early heading stage. Generally, urea 10kg and panicle fertilizer 5kg were applied to tiller fertilizer per mu. The topdressing method is to filter fertilizer at the bottom of the trench after the interrow sweat 10cm deep trench, and then cover the soil to irrigate. In topdressing, the amount of topdressing must be strictly controlled, not too much, so as not to make upland rice green and late ripening. In irrigation, it is best to use small irrigation equipment, which can not only save water but also avoid soil consolidation.

Weeding should start after emergence, artificial weeding can not only shovel grass in the field, but also achieve the purpose of loosening soil, which can not be compared with chemical weeding; the second shoveling should be carried out at the tillering stage, this time mainly to eradicate Miaowan weeds; the third shoveling should be carried out in the early heading stage. Through three times of ploughing and shoveling grass, the weeds in the field were basically eliminated.

In short, in the development of upland rice production. Pay attention to grasp the above technical links, can achieve stability to win.