Introduction to the Culture Model of Bamboo shoot Shell Fish in Thailand

Thai bamboo shoot shell fish is a new species of aquaculture, the market price is high, some people estimate that it is the best species of freshwater culture in the future, many farmers want to breed but do not know how to breed. According to the specific conditions of the Yellow River Delta, the author introduces several culture methods of Thai bamboo shoot shell fish in order to meet the requirements of farmers in different regions and environmental conditions.

I. Pond culture

The pond area for culturing Thai bamboo shoot shell fish should be about 3 mu, usually no more than 8 mu, and the pond should have a water depth of 1.5 m, less silt and good water source. It is suitable to cultivate Thai bamboo shoot shell fish for the first time, and the stocking density of seedlings is 3000 / mu ~ 3500 / mu.

Clear and disinfect the pond before releasing the seedlings to remove the wild fish in the pond. Artificial fish nests should be arranged at the bottom of the pond. Plastic pipes with 11cm in diameter and 35cm in length can be used. Nine plastic pipes are tied into rows with two 2m long wooden strips, and about 80 rows are placed per mu. The artificial fish nest tube should leave the 20cm at the bottom of the pond, be fixed with a pile frame and tilted slightly to avoid the accumulation of soil and fish in the tube. Setting up artificial fish nests in the pond is an important means to effectively expand the ecological area of culture, increase culture density and increase culture yield.

Fish fry can be released when the water temperature of the pond is stable above 22 ℃ and it is easy to cultivate basic bait organisms in the pond water. The water depth of the pond can be kept at 1.0m, and the water surface of 1x3 can be separated by plastic sheet. according to the bottom fertility, 250kg~500kg fermented manure or organic fertilizer should be applied to the water surface, and the seedlings will be released 5 ~ 7 days later. If the basic bait biology of the whole pond is sufficient and the green shrimp is rich in resources, the plastic film can not be used to separate the pond. When releasing seedlings, the difference between the water temperature in the seedling bag and that in the pond should not exceed 2 ℃.

Due to the particularity of the scales on the body surface of Thai bamboo shoot shell fish, the seedlings whose size is above 3cm are easy to scratch during transportation. If the seedlings are disinfected improperly before stocking, the culture survival rate will be reduced. Therefore, it is appropriate to choose and buy seedlings with body length 2cm~2.5cm, packaging after disinfection and direct stocking. The seedlings are concentrated on the water surface of the pond 1stroke 3 for the first stage of cultivation. Under the condition that the basic food in the pond is sufficient, the seedlings can grow to 3cm in length for one week and reach 4cm~5cm after one month. At this time, the plastic film separating the pond can be removed and the seedlings can enter the pond for the second stage of cultivation.

When the seedlings are concentrated in the first stage of cultivation, live bait organisms can be cultivated in the other 2 top 3 water surface of the pond. The living bait organisms had better be the species of fish with small size and strong fecundity, with a stocking density of not less than 10,000 tails / mu. When the seedlings enter the second stage of cultivation, the green shrimp seedlings that can reproduce naturally under fresh water conditions are put in at the same time, and the stocking density is not less than 500000 / mu, or the desalinated Macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are released in batches, and the shrimp feed is fed regularly and quantitatively according to the @ # @ 234 shrimp standard. The seedlings of Thai bamboo shoot shell fish prey on shrimp fry, fry, shrimp and small fish in the pond. After 3 to 4 months, they can grow to 10cm~12cm and 20g~30g, and then transfer to adult fish culture. During this period, the survival rate of culture is generally more than 80%. During the period of adult fish culture, 50 ~ 100 silver carp can be cultured in ponds per mu, which is helpful to control water quality.

In the later stage of culture, when there is a shortage of natural bait organisms in the pond water, chilled fish meat, formula feed or synthetic powdered feed should be put in time, and the protein content is not less than 38%. When feeding, a feed table should be set up, which can distribute 6 / mu ~ 8 / mu hanging baskets, which are about 20cm from the bottom of the pond, in order to adapt to the characteristics that Thai bamboo shoot shell fish do not like to swim. Put the processed block feed or chilled fish pieces in the hanging basket, increase or decrease the feeding amount according to the feeding situation of Thai bamboo shoot shell fish, and the remaining bait can be poured into the pond to feed small fish and shrimp after observation. The mixed culture of small fish, shrimp and Thai bamboo shoot shell fish forms a good food chain. Small fish and shrimp are not only the best food organisms for Thai bamboo shoot shell fish, but also effectively clean up the remaining bait and maintain the stability of water quality. After 6 ~ 7 months of culture, the Thai bamboo shoot shell fish can meet the commercial specifications, and the feed coefficients of feeding small miscellaneous fish and artificial compound feed are 60.8 and 22.5 respectively.

2. Cage culture in pond

When the Thai bamboo shoot shell fish enters the cultivation period, the large size fish are caught in the ground cage box and transferred to the cage culture set up in the same pond, which is a culture way to solve the difference of cultivation specifications and to be cultivated on the market in batches. Usually, the pond area of cage culture is 6 mu ~ 8 mu, the water depth is more than 1.5 m, and the stocking density of Thai bamboo shoot shell fish is 10 / m2 ~ 20 / m2. Fish species that cause body surface damage during fishing should be disinfected by immersion. In the high temperature season, the water temperature at the depth of 1m of the pond should not exceed 32 ℃. Duckweed and water hyacinth can be put on the surface to cool down, or the water quality can be improved and oxygen can be increased regularly by using running water and setting up impeller aerator.

The material of the cage is made of non-nodular net clothing, the specification is 30g/ tail ~ 50g/ tail, the mesh of net coat is 1.5cm, the specification is 100g/ tail, and the mesh of net coat is 2.5cm. The specifications of the cage can be selected as 3m × 4m and 4m × 6m according to the conditions. The floating material is used to make the mouth of the cage higher than the water surface 20cm, and the bottom of the cage is 20cm from the bottom of the pool. According to the size of the cage, there are 3-4 rows of artificial fish nests and 1-2 hanging baskets as feed platforms. Wash the cage around frequently, remove the moss attached to the net coat, etc., in order to maintain the smooth flow inside and outside the cage, and suck out the garbage at the bottom of the cage with a pump in time. The fish was fed twice a day, and the amount of feed was increased or decreased according to the actual feeding situation of the fish. Thai bamboo shoot shell fish could meet the commercial specifications after 6 ~ 7 months of culture.

III. Cement pond culture

The cultivation of Thai bamboo shoot shell fish by using soft-shelled turtle culture facilities with heat preservation conditions can not only make the idle greenhouse give full play to its efficiency, but also a good way to gradually realize industrial culture of Thai bamboo shoot shell fish. It is suitable to carry out the culture of Thai bamboo shoot shell fish in areas with low temperatures in winter and spring. The area of cement pond is not less than 30 square meters, and the stocking density of large size seedlings with 30g/ tail to 50g/ tail or above is 8 / m2 ~ 15 / m2. After mastering the technical characteristics of breeding, the stocking density can gradually reach 30 / m2 ~ 50 / m2. Artificial fish nests are not set up in the cement pond, the feed table is placed for feeding, once a day in the afternoon, and the next day the feed table is checked and cleaned. Use micro-circulating water or regular aeration to increase oxygen and other measures to discharge sewage regularly to prevent the deterioration of water quality. Thai bamboo shoot shell fish culture is carried out in ponds where there is a large number of green shrimps. Every year from September to October, the fish is transferred to the greenhouse, and the fish body can meet the commercial specifications the following year.

IV. Mixed culture

1. Fish mixed culture mainly raises tilapia and puffer fish in the culture pond. under the condition of artificial compound feed, there are usually more freshwater shrimp, which is an excellent bait organism for Thai bamboo shoot shell fish, which can be put into Thailand bamboo shoot shell fish fry 50 / mu ~ 80 / mu at the same time. A small amount of artificial nests are placed in the culture pond, and the Thai bamboo shoot shell fish 20kg/ mu ~ 30kg/ mu can be harvested at the same time.

two。 The mixed culture of fish and shrimp in the shrimp pond to raise Thai bamboo shoot shell fish has the advantages of low investment and good benefit. Shrimp ponds should have less silt, mainly shrimp culture, and temporary culture of Thai bamboo shoot shell fish fry. Thai bamboo shoot shell fish has good salt tolerance. In Penaeus vannamei or Macrobrachium rosenbergii culture ponds, shrimp fry can be directly put into Thai bamboo shoot shell fish fry when the water salinity is 2 ‰ ~ 5 ‰ after 10 ~ 15 days. The stocking density is 100 / mu ~ 200 / mu, and the fry mainly feeds on shrimp fry with small size and slow growth rate. When the shrimp is harvested, the Thai bamboo shoot shell fish should be disinfected in time. As Thai bamboo shoot shell fish have the habit of drilling mud, they have to be carefully caught after dry ponds. The fry that have been cultured for 3 months usually reach body length 9cm~10cm and can be transferred to pond cage culture.