Correct use of pig premix

Classification of feed additives

There are different opinions on the classification of feed additives, different scholars have put forward different classification methods, and according to years of grass-roots practice, the author thinks that the following three categories of feed additives are more easily accepted by grass-roots workers.

1. Nutritional feed additives mainly include amino acid additives, vitamin additives, mineral additives and so on. The purpose of these additives is to supplement the deficiency of nutrients in the basal diet in order to achieve nutritional balance, that is, full price.

2. Drug feed additives mainly include antibiotic additives, hormone additives, insect repellents, antibacterial growth agents, bacteriological agents, Chinese herbal medicine additives and so on. In China, the use of hormones and sedatives as feed additives is prohibited, and the use of β-stimulants for the purpose of increasing the lean meat rate of pigs is never allowed. The effect of this kind of feed additive is mainly to enhance the body immunity, promote growth and improve economic benefits. The European Union has strict regulations on the use of antibiotics, and China also forbids abuse, which must be carried out in strict accordance with the regulations on the Administration of Feed and Feed Additives.

3. The main additives to improve feed quality are antioxidants, fat suppressants, anti-mildew agents, flavors and so on.

The purpose of supplying full-price feed to pigs is to improve their feed conversion rate, which is the wish and requirement of the majority of breeders. Under the condition that energy and protein are basically satisfied, the full price of formula feed can be improved by using appropriate amount of additives such as amino acids, vitamins and trace elements, so as to reduce feed consumption and improve production level and economic benefits.

Matters needing attention in using premix

The use of premix can improve the nutritional value of formula feed, but after all, premix is an intermediate product in the production of formula feed, and the types and requirements of feed change greatly. It is difficult to match with all kinds of full-price feed production no matter how thoughtful the premix production. In order to make good use of the live premix, we should pay attention to the following points:

1. Choose the model correctly. The premix is scientifically designed according to the nutritional needs of different pig breeds and their different growth and development stages, so users should choose premix varieties at different stages according to the actual situation of pigs. In order to be cheap for a while, some users use medium pig feed instead of small pig feed. Do they not know that "there is a difference of 1 jin between small pigs and 10 jin between big pigs". The lack of nutrition in the pig stage has affected the later development of pigs, and the loss outweighs the gain.

2. The dosage of compound feed is strictly recommended. When using premix, many breeders often change the recommended formula casually, and some users reduce the proportion of premix at will in order to reduce the cost, resulting in various nutritional indicators can not meet the growth needs of pigs in each period. Some users arbitrarily increase the proportion of premix, which not only increases the cost, but also causes poisoning. Some even treat the premix as "monosodium glutamate" and add small packaging to the full-price feed, so as to destroy the "full price" of the feed.

Avoid misunderstandings in application

How to evaluate the advantages of pig premix focuses on the actual use effect, and several misunderstandings should be paid attention to at the same time.

1. Is the darker the stool, the better?

Many farmers think that whether the feed is good or not depends on whether the feces are black or not, but it is not entirely right. It should be said that the feed ratio is reasonable, the digestion and absorption of pigs is good, and the feces are good. The correct recognition mode is "take a look" and "smell". We should not only look at the color, but also look at the degree of moisturity. the faeces of hard or dilute water samples are abnormal, especially if there are undigested corn and cake granules, and smell whether there are odor or not. if there are undigested particles in the feces, it is certain that the feed digestion is incomplete and the feed formula may be unreasonable. In addition, if there are more bran and rapeseed meal in the large formula, the feces will be black. High copper can blacken feces, but this is by no means the purpose of using high copper. At present, studies at home and abroad agree that copper can promote the growth of piglets (before 30 kg body weight), and the effect varies with the change of environment. At the same time, the diet must have sufficient protein, amino acids and a certain level of iron and zinc, combined with corresponding antimicrobials in order to play the role of high copper in promoting growth. High copper can play the role of fecal blackness only when the copper content is tens of times higher than the required amount (that is, the copper content is 125 mg / kg ~ 250 mg / kg), but more than 250 mg / kg will cause the liver to accumulate a large amount of copper, resulting in pig poisoning, resulting in hemoglobin reduction and jaundice excess. Copper also affects the activity of hormone secretion system and reduces its activity to a critical state. At the same time, a large amount of copper is excreted, which is also a serious pollution. Do not add too much copper, never think that the blackening of feces is a good digestion and absorption of feed.

2. Is it good for pig skin to be red?

The bright coat and ruddy skin are the signs of healthy pigs. If multi-dimensional is lacking, the hair will be thick and long, disordered, and the skin will be rough. Of course, do not rule out other factors, if there are parasites, skin diseases, the fur will be very ugly, dysentery or some infectious diseases will also lead to such diseases.

Skin redness is divided into normal redness and drug redness. Arsanilic acid was artificially added to the feed, and some illegal manufacturers even directly added red arsenic or white phosphorus to make the pig skin ruddy. The main purpose of adding arsanilic acid is not to make the skin red, but to use it to inhibit bacteria and promote growth. at low addition, it has the effects of sterilization, bacteriostasis, treatment of dysentery and promoting growth. If the dosage is blindly increased in order to achieve the skin drug sex red, arsenic poisoning will occur. Symptoms of poisoning: overuse reduces growth and leads to head tremors, intermittent blindness, ataxia and paresis. During exercise, the muscles of the pig's shoulder, ankle and back tremble, followed by violent tremors, ataxia, anxiety and screaming. After a minute of convulsions, lie on the ground and stop trembling.

3. Is it good that pigs can eat and sleep?

Many farmers think that what pigs can eat and sleep is good feed. As a result, illegal manufacturers add drugs such as tranquilizers forbidden by the state to the premix.

In fact, the so-called being able to eat is a problem of palatability (it is the nature of pigs to love sweets), but it is not the more the better. Generally speaking, low-energy, low-protein feed intake is high, high-energy, high-protein feed intake is low, pigs in order to ensure their own nutritional needs, can be completely self-controlled. Such as chaff, in fact, there is no nutritional value, or even negative value, added to the feed, feed intake will be increased. Therefore, in addition to observing the environment and health status of pigs, we should also pay attention to feed quality (such as moldy feed, over-raw soybean meal, unqualified calcium hydrogen phosphate, etc.) and affect the proportion of miscellaneous cakes that are palatable. As long as the nutrition intake of pigs is reasonable, it should be very quiet. If the feeding density is too high, the proportion of premix is not scientific, or the nutrition intake of pigs is not enough or uneven, or suffer from skin diseases, it will make pigs excited and uneasy. It is not advisable to add diazepam and diazepam equal hypnotic drugs to make pigs sleepy.

4. If the grain is visible, is the goods genuine?

Many farmers believe that blue particles can be found in the premix is a good product, in fact, the so-called particles are often unpretreated copper sulfate, poor solubility and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, excessive is more likely to cause adverse effects or even poisoning of pigs. In order to unilaterally pursue high profits, some manufacturers choose copper sulfate and other raw materials are mostly large particle crystals, without drying, crushing and other treatment processes, the crystal particle size is 1.5 mm, large even up to 3 mm ~ 4 mm, naturally visible to the naked eye "blue particles". Some unscrupulous businessmen even use industrial grade copper sulfate for premix production, which not only affects feed quality, but also easily causes adverse reactions, which can lead to poisoning.

Flexible use of recommended formulations

In order to use the production formula correctly, it can be prepared according to the product instructions, but in view of the differences in pig breeds, feed types, the same kind of feed, the nutritional value of the producing area and climate changes, appropriate adjustments are also allowed:

The main results are as follows: (1) when used in native pigs and binary hybrid pigs, the proportion of corn to soybean meal can be reduced appropriately, some corn can be replaced by secondary flour and rice bran, and part of soybean meal can be replaced by rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal. (2) adjust according to different seasons. The proportion of energy feed such as corn should be increased in winter, which can appropriately reduce the proportion of protein feed such as soybean meal, but the decrease of crude protein should not exceed 15%; in summer, due to the decrease of feed intake, the proportion of energy feed such as corn should be reduced, the proportion of protein feed such as soybean meal and rapeseed meal should be increased, and the content of calcium should be increased appropriately. (3) if dried fish meal or sausage powder is used, the amount of salt can be reduced, and when pigs fight, salt can be added, or even increased to more than 0.5%. (4) correct selection of raw materials. Some users always purchase low-cost raw materials in order to reduce costs, but they do not realize that if the price is low, the quality is low. Such as fishmeal, the nutritional value of real fishmeal is very good, but once adulterated, it is better not to use it. (5) the premix should not be used directly. When the premix is used, it can not be added directly, the multiple ratio dilution method should be used, and it must be stirred evenly. (6) the premix should be changed step by step. If the premix is changed suddenly, the pig may not adapt, thus affecting feeding and growth. When using premix, the amount of new material should be gradually increased and the amount of old material should be reduced. After about 7 days, the new premix can be used completely. (7) pay attention to the safe storage of feed. The storage place of premix should be well ventilated, clean and dry, sun and rain is strictly prohibited, and it should be used as far as possible within the period of validity to prevent nutrients from failing. (8) pay attention to the particle size of raw materials. Too large particle size affects digestion and absorption; too small particle size not only increases production costs, but more importantly, it is easy to cause respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal morphology. For pigs, the particle size is 500 μ m ~ 600 μ m.