Camp breeding of pregnant sows

[The process from mating to conception is called pregnancy]

The basic tasks of pregnant sow feeding management are: to ensure the normal development of fertilized eggs and fetuses in the mother, to prevent the occurrence of stillbirth and abortion, to obtain a large number of piglets with good breed; to ensure that sows have good body condition during pregnancy, and to lay the foundation for lactation during lactation. In addition, the first sow should be fed optimally, and the first sow needs 23~30% nutrition to maintain its growth and development.

1. Weight change of pregnant sows: sows gain weight rapidly during pregnancy due to fetal growth and development, uterine and other organ development, and nutritional reserves for postpartum lactation.

2. The law of embryo growth and development: The growth and development of embryos during pregnancy are regular. In the early stages of pregnancy, the embryo is very light and the weight gain is not fast; the weight gain speed is accelerated after 60 days; the fetal weight is very rapid after 90 days, and about 60% of the fetal weight is increased during this period. Nutrition must be increased during this period to meet the growth and development of the fetus.

Two critical periods: The first critical period is about 20 days after pregnancy. At this time, the fertilized egg is attached (from 12 days after pregnancy to 24 days) to different parts of the uterine horn, and gradually form the placenta period. Before placenta formation, embryos are susceptible to environmental conditions, and special care should be given in feeding management. Pay attention not to feed mildew feed, frozen feed, do not drink ice water, etc. Also prevent kicking, beating, squeezing, pressing, biting and other mechanical stimulation, so as not to cause high fever abortion. Full nutrition should be given during the first month of pregnancy, when embryos grow more slowly and do not need additional nutrition. The second critical period is after 90 days of gestation in sows. Fetal growth and weight gain are particularly rapid during this period. The assimilation ability of sows is strong, and the required nutrients are significantly increased. In management, we should also prevent mechanical stimulation such as squeezing, pressing and bumping, and prohibit violent driving. It is forbidden to feed frozen food. Do a good job of pregnancy protection.

4. Feeding method of pregnant sows: coarse before and fine after, suitable for sows with better condition. From 1 to 84 days after gestation, green and coarse feed was dominant, and from 85 to 114 days after gestation, concentrate feed was dominant. Feed amount: 1.8~2.3 kg in the early stage and 2.5~3.0 kg in the late stage. Feed quantity can be increased or decreased according to pig size.

5, protein requirements: generally accounted for about 13% of the diet, that is, each day feeding crude protein 156g can ensure normal fetal development. Because the sow itself is still growing and developing, the protein requirement of the sow is about 1/5~1/3 higher than that of the adult pregnant sow.

[Management Technology]

Do a good job of protecting the fetus and preventing mechanical abortion, which is very important in the later stages of pregnancy. At this time breeders should strengthen their sense of responsibility, patient care, must not be rude to sow. Prevent biting, squeezing and bumping. Moderate exercise in the second trimester of pregnancy (41~98 days), no exercise for 7~10 days before birth, and no exercise for one month after breeding.

1. The enclosure should be flat and keep warm in winter and cool in summer.

2. Keep pigs healthy and prevent parasites.

3, to ensure the quality of feed, do not feed mildew, frozen feed, supply clean drinking water.

[Embryo Death and Abortion Causes of Pregnant Sows]

1. Causes of embryonic death of pregnant sows:

1 Malnutrition. Sows are seriously deficient in protein, vitamins A, E, B2, minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, selenium, iodine and other nutrients during pregnancy. In addition, feeding too much concentrate with high carbohydrate content can also cause death.

② The contradiction between ovulation and small uterine volume. Ovulation number, the number of embryos is also more, but the uterine blood volume and no significant increase in nutrient supply, resulting in embryo death.

3. Endocrine deficiency. Pregnant sow progesterone secretion is insufficient, resulting in embryonic death.

4. Suffering from reproductive tract diseases. Sow uterus infection brucella, Escherichia coli, hemolytic Staphylococcus, Pasteurella, etc.

Suffering from high fever diseases, such as swine fever, swine erysipelas, encephalitis B, influenza, septicemia, etc. Continuous high fever for several days, temperature up to 41℃, resulting in abortion.

Feed or pesticide poisoning can also cause embryo death.

High temperature effects.

Early or late mating.

2. Reasons for abortion of sows:

1 Malnutrition. Protein, vitamins and minerals are severely lacking in the diet.

2. Too fat or too thin.

(3) The high degree of inbreeding of male and female pigs reduces the embryo viability.

④ Feed mildew.

5. Feed frozen feed or ice water in winter or early spring.

6. Inject strong vaccine during pregnancy or suffer from strong stress.

7 suffering from reproductive disorders, such as encephalitis B, parvovirus disease, pseudorabies, etc.

[Calculation method of due date]

After sow mating, make mating record and mating boar breed and ear number. The gestation period is 110 to 120 days, with an average of 114 days. Calculation method:

1, three, three, three methods: three months, three weeks, three days.

2, breeding month plus three, day plus 20 days: that is, in the month plus three, in the breeding day plus 20 days.