Cotton mulching cultivation technique and its benefit

In recent years, with the popularization and popularization of transgenic insect-resistant cotton and insect-resistant hybrid cotton and the wide application of plastic film mulching cultivation techniques, cotton developed earlier and bolls per plant were more and earlier. Cotton in continuous cropping cotton field is easy to mature prematurely. Mulching straw in the cotton field covered with plastic film can not only promote the early emergence of seedlings, but also prevent the premature senescence of cotton, so cotton mulching cultivation technology has been paid more and more attention by cotton farmers.

At present, the cotton areas in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins are often covered with 2 rows of root zones, and most of the cotton areas are covered with 4 rows, 6 rows and 8 rows. Plastic film mulching methods can be divided into two ways: sowing cotton first and then covering plastic film and then drilling and sowing cotton, which should be selected according to local conditions. The cotton with plastic film after sowing has a good effect of preserving soil moisture and increasing temperature. after emergence, the cotyledons are drilled and released in time when the color turns green, two plants in each hole should be small, and the seedling release should be carried out before 10:00 or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon. After releasing the cotton seedlings, enclose the seedling holes strictly with good moist soil in time. In this way, attention should be paid to prevent hot seedlings under the film caused by high temperature weather after sowing. First cover the film and then drill the seeds, cover the film in time after the spring rain to preserve soil moisture, sow according to the distance between the holes, immediately after emergence, leave two strong seedlings in each hole. If it rains after sowing in this way, it is easy to cause Rain Water to pour into the sowing hole and cause serious seedling disease, and the seedling is replanted with a nutrition bowl where the seedling is missing.

After the middle of June, the plastic film should be removed in time, and the residual film should be picked up and taken out of the field. After uncovering the film, it should be to open ditches to cultivate soil and fertilize and then cover straw.

Before mulching, the stalks of crops such as corn and corn need to be crushed to grow into fragments of about 10 centimeters. After uncovering the film, they are uniformly covered among the cotton plants at one time, and then sprinkle a little crushed soil on the straw to prevent the straw from being blown away by the wind. The covering amount is about 500 kilograms per mu. Straw mulching combined with appropriate amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer to adjust the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is beneficial to straw decomposition and phosphorus release. Straw mulching not only makes use of straw resources, but also avoids environmental pollution caused by straw burning, reduces soil water evaporation, improves soil fertilizer supply capacity, and increases leaf area coefficient so as to improve the photosynthetic capacity of cotton leaves.

Mulching straw after plastic film mulching in cotton field can not only solve the problem of low temperature and drought in cotton seedling stage, but also promote the early development of cotton seedlings, but also regulate soil temperature and reduce soil bulk density at flower and boll stage. Straw decomposed one after another can continuously release inorganic nutrients to maintain root activity, prevent cotton from premature senescence and increase yield. According to the investigation, the cotton covered with straw after opening the film increases 50 kg of seed cotton per mu than that of direct seeding in open field, the price of seed cotton is 4.6 yuan per 500 grams, the cost of plastic film per mu is 36 yuan, and the net income of cotton covered with straw is 78 yuan higher than that of direct seeding in open field. The cotton covered with simple plastic film increased 28 kg per mu of seed cotton and 28.4 yuan per mu of net income than that of direct seeding in open field.