Experiment, demonstration and Application of Industrial soilless Cotton Seedling in Dongtai area

Industrial soilless breeding of cotton is a seedling revolution in the history of cotton planting. It breaks the cultivation system of seedling cultivation and transplanting in nutrition bowl for decades, makes cotton seedling transplanting a simple, rapid, time-saving, labor-saving and cost-saving cultivation method, and opens up a new way for cotton cultivation. Experiment on soilless seedling transplanting introduced into Dongtai city in 2003. In 2004 and 2005, this technology was introduced into Tangyang and skimming port to carry out soilless seedling raising and large-scale transplanting experiment and demonstration. The specific situation is summarized as follows.

1 basic situation of experiment and demonstration

In 2003, Xinhong Village, Tangyang Town, our city introduced soilless cotton seedlings from Henan Province, and carried out an experimental planting of 1 mu of land. In 2004, Tangyang gin factory introduced this technology to raise seedlings, and the demonstration area was about 4000 mu in that year. In 2005, Nanjing Red Sun Group cooperated with our city's Chunhua seed industry to continue the development of cotton factory soilless breeding project in Yushe Village, Qiangang Town, with a demonstration area of 1500 mu, mainly concentrated in Qiangang Town.

2 results of experiment and demonstration

2.1 yield situation in 2003, due to the low temperature and overcast rain in the early stage and the late development of cotton in the later stage, the lint yield per unit area was about 55kg, and the yield in a large area decreased slightly. In 2004, cotton factory soilless seedling transplanting: the yield of grazing port town was 12.8% higher than that of large area; the yield of Haifeng town was 6.3% lower than that of large area; the total mu of peach in Lianyi town was 10.8% lower than that of the control; the yield of Cao / town was 10.7% lower than that of the control; and that of Tangyang town was nearly 10% lower than that of large area. In 2005, cotton lint per unit yield of cotton soilless seedling cultivation in Qianggang town increased by 16% to 75.6kg (not in the same field), 53000 peaches per mu in Tainan town, lint yield 97 kg per mu, 36900 peaches per mu in Liangduo town, 7700 less than the control and 17.3% less than that of the control. Cao / Zhenmu total peach 55500, 1700 less than the large area, 3% less The per unit yield of lint 65.1kg in Sancang town is 9.3% lower than that in large area, and that in Haifeng town is 9.3% less than that in large area. The per unit yield of lint in Haifeng town is 18.4% lower than that in large area, and the total number of peaches per mu in Touzao town is 44700, 3300 or 6.8% less than that in large area.

2.2 transplanting survival generally soilless seedlings transplant when transplanting, as long as the soil is firmly compacted, the survival rate is more than 90%, and the high field can reach 100%, otherwise it is only about 80%. Under normal circumstances, live trees should be watered twice. According to the survey of skimming the port town, as long as the root soil is choked after planting, it is not sensitive to watering. During the transplanting period in 2004, the soil moisture in the town was good, and the weather was more than Rain Water. The death rate of cotton seedlings after watering was more than 20%, while the death rate of seedlings without irrigated water was only about 8%. In 2005, the survival rate of watered and unwatered reached 95%, with no significant difference. They think that under the condition of sufficient soil water, the concentration of "rooting agent" in the roots of cotton seedlings after watering is diluted by water, the effect is poor, and the dead seedlings are heavy.

2.3 growth characteristics of soilless seedlings transplanting cotton seedlings showed that the slow seedling time of living plants after planting, the slow growth at seedling stage, the accelerated growth and development after budding, and the large proportion of autumn peach and late autumn peach. General soilless seedling transplanting cotton seedlings, slow seedling stage in 15-20 days to produce new leaves. In the experiment of Caozhen in 2005, it was transplanted on May 11, and new leaves began to grow on May 28, and the slow seedling stage was 17 days, while the slow seedling stage in 2004 was nearly one month. The seedling height 11cm of soilless seedling transplanting was higher than that of transplanting cotton seedling in nutrient bowl, and the true leaves, fruit branches and fruit nodes were 2. 6 fewer and 12. 2 less than those in nutrient bowl. The results showed that the plant height was only low 2.3cm, fruit branches and fruit nodes were only 1.4and 3.2respectively. The process of growth and development was obviously accelerated. However, on September 10th, the plant height was only low 1.5cm, the fruit branches were 0.9 less, and the fruit nodes were only 1.7, which was basically the same as that of transplanting cotton seedlings in a nutrient bowl. According to the systematic investigation in Haifeng Town in 2005, the proportion of soilless seedling transplanting cotton seedling autumn peach was 41.4%, which was 22.5% higher than that of transplanting cotton seedling in large area nutrition bowl, and 30.5% in late autumn peach, which was 28.4% higher than that of transplanting cotton seedling in large area nutrition bowl.

2.4 disaster resistance due to the accelerated growth of factory cotton soilless seedling cotton in the middle and later stage, a large proportion of autumn peach and late autumn peach, the later stage has a strong ability of disaster resistance compensation, and does not premature senescence. However, because of soilless seedling transplanting cotton, the root system of cotton seedling is shallow, the ability of wind resistance and lodging resistance is not strong, high ridge should be added in the middle and later stage, at the same time, due to the late development of soilless seedling and transplanting cotton, there is the danger of greedy and late ripening in the later stage, when the temperature drops quickly and the frost period is early, it will affect the yield formation of cotton.

3 risk assessment

3.1 soilless seedling cultivation of superior cotton has the advantages of large-scale production and labor-saving and cost-saving, especially suitable for contracted production and farm production with large area. it not only saves labor and cost, but also saves land for pot bed and alleviates labor tension. According to the investigation in Tangyang Town in 2004, the cost of cotton transplanting was about 20 yuan per mu less than that of transplanting seedlings in nutrition bowl. According to the survey of Gangang Town in 2005, cotton soilless seedling transplanting could save 79 yuan per mu and save about 0.1 mu of cultivated land.

3.2 weakness one is that the yield is not as good as that of transplanting cotton in a nutrition bowl, and the yield is generally reduced by about 10%. The second is late, the proportion of autumn peach and late autumn peach is large, and the yield reduction in the early years may be even greater in the case of cooling and fast frost. Third, the root system is shallow and the anti-lodging ability is not strong. Fourth, the risk of raising seedlings is relatively high, and large-scale industrial breeding requires that every link of every technology must be in place in time, and a little carelessness may cause a large area of dead seedlings or no emergence.

4 related cultivation

4.1 selection of suitable stubble soilless cotton seedling transplanting cotton compared with the nutrient bowl seedling transplanting cotton seedlings are relatively late, so we must select the earlier stubble, generally require the selection of blank stubble, vegetable stubble and interplanting stubble. If transplanting stubble after wheat is selected, the transplanting blank line should be reserved for digging and ripening in winter, and the wheat should be planted immediately after harvest.

4.2 the seedling bolls suitable for soilless seedling raising and transplanting cotton should not be too large or too small. Too small leaves, poor roots, less nutrients, less photosynthates, slower seedling emergence; too large main roots, fine stiffness of cotton seedlings, the survival rate decreased after transplanting, seedling emergence is poor. Generally, the seedling age is about 25 days, and it is suitable to be in the stage of two leaves and one heart.

4.3 Application to promote early cultivation of factory cotton soilless

Due to slow growth and late growth in the early stage, early cultivation measures must be adopted in the cultivation and management of transplanting cotton. One is to choose plastic film transplanting as far as possible, which can not only preserve soil moisture, but also increase temperature and promote cotton growth. Second, it is necessary to water live trees well to promote cotton seedlings to wake up as soon as possible. Third, proper application of seedling fertilizer after waking up to promote the growth of cotton seedlings as soon as possible.

4.4 strengthen disaster resistance management. Soilless cotton seedlings and transplanting cotton have shallow roots and are easy to lodge in case of strong wind and rainstorm. Therefore, it can be planted deeply when transplanting, and high ridges can be used in the eastern coastal cotton area to consolidate roots and prevent falling stains. In the cotton area of Lixiahe in the west, rows such as small canopy can be used for transplanting, which is beneficial to reducing waterlogging and waterlogging harm.

4.5 appropriate chemical adjustment and industrial cotton soilless seedling transplanting cotton grows slowly in the early stage and accelerates in the later stage. In the chemical adjustment, the growth should be mainly promoted in the early stage and vegetative growth should be controlled in the later stage. The regulator with two-way effect of promoting and controlling should be selected in the selection of chemicals. For example, "Ling Fengbao" is selected to use 20ml per mu in bud stage, 30~40ml in early flowering stage and 60ml in full flowering stage; chemical capping with "Ling Fengbao" 80~120ml per mu 7-10 days after cotton topping to promote reproductive growth, and ripening 15-20 days before the first frost period.