New cultivation techniques of simple dwarf and dense cotton

The main content of cotton "simple, short and dense" cultivation technology is based on transgenic insect-resistant cotton, using chemical weeding to reduce mid-tillage, simplified pruning supplemented by chemical control, wide row close planting, water fertilizer regulation, comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests, etc. to achieve the cultivation goal of dwarfing and dense planting, increasing production and increasing efficiency.

The yield index is 20000kg per mu of seed cotton, and the yield structure is as follows: density 4000mu / mu, boll number 55000kg / mu, boll weight 4.0g / mu. The growth process is as follows: sowing with plastic film from April 15 to 20, seedling stage at the end of April, budding stage in early June, flowering stage in early July, boll opening stage in late August, and picking flowers and cotton stalks in early November.

Main cultivation techniques:

First, prepare for the broadcast:

1. Choose a good seed. The selected varieties should have the following characteristics: good yield, mainly strong boll setting; resistance to Fusarium wilt and resistance to Verticillium wilt; early or early mid-maturity; strong growth potential, good late onset, no premature senescence; good insect resistance and high resistance to cotton bollworm.

two。 Apply sufficient base fertilizer. Combined with soil preparation, one-time application of sufficient base fertilizer. 20 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium and 10 kg of potassium chloride were applied per mu. Irrigation to produce soil moisture in cotton field adopts the method of fertilizing first and then watering, nutrients seep with water, only need to rake the land without ploughing, and the method of furrow fertilization is better in dryland cotton field.

3. Create and preserve soil moisture. In general, there is less rain and snow in winter and spring. If the soil moisture is insufficient, winter irrigation or early spring irrigation can be adopted to make soil moisture.

Second, sowing and covering the film:

1. Chemical weeding. Before sowing, fluralin or Acetochlor was sprayed and mixed with soil, with a dosage of 100g to 125g per mu.

two。 All right, Z is your own home. Use 50cm and 90cm row size configuration or 80cm line spacing planting.

3. Determine the sowing date. The suitable sowing time is before the last frost, that is, "cold tail and warm head". The suitable sowing date of plastic film cotton in central and southern Hebei is mid-April, and that in eastern Hebei is from the end of April to the beginning of May.

4. Agricultural machinery operation. Cotton seed coating or chemical seed dressing, sowing and film mulching machinery is used to complete sowing and film mulching at one time.

Third, seedling management:

1. Replenish the seedlings and fix the seedlings. In the first ten days of May, the supplementary seedlings were transplanted as early as possible in the place of lack of seedlings and broken ridges, and the seedlings were fixed when they had 2 or 3 true leaves, and the weak and diseased seedlings should be eliminated.

two。 Pest control: if the tiger is endangered at the seedling stage, the root can be irrigated with 1000 times of phoxim EC or 55% Chongdile 1500 times, or the selected water piece can be irrigated with WS~ 16 sprayer.

3. Release the film as soon as possible. Remove the plastic film when the cotton seedlings grow to 4 or 5 true leaves.

Fourth, the management of the bud and bell period:

1. Watering to prevent premature senility. Watering in mid-June is a key measure to prevent premature senescence of cotton. Cotton fields with insufficient amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer can be irrigated with 10-15 kg urea per mu.

two。 Simplify pruning. In the middle of July, there were 11 and 13 fruit branches per plant. Fine pruning of cotton is tedious and laborious, and chemical control can be carried out under appropriate row spacing and density configuration to reduce pruning operation as much as possible.

3. Plant shape control. There are two ways to shape cotton plant shape: one is to remove the tip of the upper group. if the cotton plant grows vigorously in case of continuous rain from July to August, the top of the upper and vegetative branches can be pinched off. The second is the chemical control of propranolol, and the dosage should be controlled according to the characteristics of the variety, the number of Rain Water, the growth of cotton plant, soil fertility and other factors, and the sensitive varieties should grasp the dosage well, and there is no need for chemical control in the case of drought. rainy years should also be carried out in accordance with the principle of a small number of times and light use, the general dosage is 1.0g / mu in full bud stage, 2g / mu in early flowering stage and 3g in full flowering stage. 40-50 kg of water was sprayed respectively.

5. Pest control:

The second generation of cotton bollworm generally does not need to be controlled, while the third and fourth generation of cotton bollworm should be controlled flexibly according to the occurrence degree. Attention should be paid to the control of cotton blind stink bugs, red spiders, cotton thrips, cotton aphids and other pests, and special attention should be paid to the control of cotton blind stink bugs. In the middle of May, 20% imidacloprid can be sprayed with 2500 × 3000 times of solvent, 250g / mu to 60kg / mu of water, which can control cotton aphid, thrips, blind Toona sinensis and so on. It is better to control red spider with 1.8% avermectin 3000 times solution and 40% Avermectin 2000 times solution. When the cotton bollworm is heavy, it can be sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis or 5% fluazuron plus cypermethrin 2000 times mixture, or 40% propiophos can be sprayed:

6. Timely harvest:

After September, pick fully opened cotton boll tidbits, pick flowers every 7-10 days, and sun for 2 days after picking in the morning. After picking in the afternoon and drying for 1 day, remove the stiff petals and sell them or store them in stages.