High-yield cultivation techniques of licorice

Licorice alias sweet grass root, sweet licorice, sweet root, powder grass and so on. It is a perennial herb of the genus Glycyrrhiza Leguminosae, which is used in medicine with roots and rhizomes. It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxification, moistening the lung and dispelling talk, tonifying the spleen and qi, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, and reconciling various medicines. For detoxification of sore, cough and sore, weakness of spleen and stomach, deficiency of qi and lack of blood, cold, stomachache, limb pain, jaundice, periodontal disease and so on. In addition, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis are also used as licorice. Licorice plant height 40 Mel 120 cm, rhizome cylindrical, more horizontal, main root long and stout, cylindrical, rind brownish red, internal yellow, sweet leaves, erect stem, lower Lignification. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, leaflets 5-Mel 17, ovate-elliptic, 25 cm long and 2 cm wide, entire, hairy on both surfaces. Racemes axillary, butterfly-shaped, purplish red. Pods flattened, mostly clustered into globules. Seeds broadly ellipsoid or orbicular, slightly flattened, 2.7 Mel 4.3 mm long, 2.6 Mel 3.7 mm wide, 1.8 Mel 2.3 mm thick, surface dark green, tan, brown or brown, smooth, slightly glossy. The weight of a thousand grains is 7 grams. The florescence is from June to July and the fruiting period is from July to September. The high-yield cultivation techniques of Glycyrrhiza uralensis have the following key points:

1. Soil selection

Licorice root developed, deep into the soil, suitable for dry farming, saline-alkali tolerance, fear of waterlogging, strong vitality. The cultivation of licorice should choose sandy soil with low groundwater level, good drainage conditions, deep soil layer, PH value of 7 Mel 8 and convenient irrigation. It is best to turn the ground in autumn or in spring, but we must ensure the soil moisture, break the bumps and level the ground, otherwise it will affect the whole seedling. Liquorice can also be planted in barren farmland.

2. Variety selection and seed treatment.

Ural Glycyrrhiza uralensis is generally selected as the leading variety in our province. Before sowing, the seeds were milled with an electric rice grinder. Soak the seeds in hot water of 35 ℃ and 40 min for 4 hours. Or weigh the seeds in a ceramic pot, mix the seeds with 1Kg seeds with 30 ml of 80% concentrated sulfuric acid, sow the seeds at 20 ℃ for 7 hours, then rinse with clean water many times and then dry them.

3. Sowing seeds

Licorice can be sown in spring, summer and autumn. In places with good soil moisture in spring, spring sowing is mostly used, generally no later than mid-April. The growing period of spring sowing is long, and the roots are deep in the soil. If there is a drought in spring in some places, it is not easy to emerge seedlings after sowing or to protect seedlings after emergence, summer sowing should be carried out. Summer sowing should be sown before the rainy season, which is conducive to seedling emergence and seedling preservation. In recent years, some places sow seeds during autumn and winter. After sowing, the soil freezes when the seeds do not germinate, and the seedlings germinate when the soil temperature is suitable in the following year. Due to the good soil moisture, the emergence rate of licorice is high. Before sowing, high-quality farm manure 4000Kg per mu and ammonium phosphate per mu 35Kg were used as base fertilizer. Arrange the land into small beds and pour enough moisture before sowing. Sow the seeds evenly or strip sowing, using seeds 10-15Kg per mu. Cover the soil with 2.5m3 cm, not too deep. 7Mel emerged after 10 days.

4. Transplanting

The flat planting method was adopted. After the leaves of licorice were withered and yellow in the autumn of that year, the aboveground parts were cut to make fodder for cattle and sheep. Then turn the ground 30 cm, dig out the root length of more than 25 cm, smooth taproot for transplanting material. Cover soil with 5 cm false planting and preservation. In the autumn of that year or in the spring of the following year. Ploughing the ditch, the ditch depth is 5 cm, the row spacing is 33 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm, and the seedlings are placed smoothly to cover the soil in the ditch. Or use a spade to trench and transplant. 1.2-15000 seedlings per mu. After seedling transplanting, licorice grows fast and can be harvested in autumn, and the yield per mu is generally 500-700Kg. The harvest in the second year is the best, and the yield per mu can reach 1000Kg.