Licorice

[distribution of origin]

Licorice: mainly produces Inner Mongolia, Gansu, *. Northeast, Hebei, Shanxi and other places are also produced.

Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza uralensis: the main production * *, Gansu.

[characteristics of medicinal materials]

Licorice: the root is cylindrical, with long 25~100cm and 0.6~3.5cm in diameter. The surface is reddish brown or grayish brown, with significant longitudinal wrinkles, grooves, lenticels and sparse fine root marks. The quality is solid, the cross section is slightly fibrous, yellowish-white, powdery, the formation layer ring is obvious, the ray is radial, some have fissures. There are bud marks on the surface of the rhizome and medulla in the middle of the cross section. It is subtle and has a distinctive sweet taste of licorice.

Glycyrrhiza uralensis: the root and rhizome are woody, some are branched, the skin is rough, gray brown or grayish brown. The quality is hard, the wood fiber is many, the powder is small. Rhizome adventitious buds are numerous and thick.

Glycyrrhiza uralensis: the texture of root and rhizome is solid, some are branched, the skin is not rough, grayish brown, and the lenticels are fine but not obvious.

Resource Distribution and Application of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in China

First, an overview of licorice, alias sweet grass root, red licorice, powder. Licorice GlycyrrhizauralensisFisch., a leguminous plant, was used as medicine with root and rhizome. It has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification, moistening the lungs and relieving cough, reconciling various medicines, and grilled licorice has the effect of tonifying the spleen and tonifying qi.

Second, plant characteristics perennial herbs, 30ml 40cm high, stout roots, cylindrical, sweet, brownish red skin. The stem is erect, the lower part is slightly lignified. Leaves alternate; parasite pinnately compound leaves, leaflets 7 Mel 17, ovate-elliptic, both surfaces covered with glands and short hairs. Racemes axillary, butterfly-shaped, purplish red. Pods oblong, sometimes falcate or annular curved, densely covered with brown spiny glandular hairs. Seeds oblate. The florescence is from June to July and the fruiting period is from July to September.

III. Growth habits

Licorice grows mostly in the north temperate zone, in plains, mountains or river valleys at an altitude of 0,200 meters. Wild licorice is associated with apocynum venetum, Populus euphratica, Reed, Artemisia and Ephedra and other plants. The soil is mostly sandy. The pH of soil should be neutral or slightly alkaline, and it does not grow well in acidic soil. Licorice likes the ecological environment with sufficient light, less rainfall, hot summer, cold winter and large temperature difference between day and night, which has the characteristics of light, drought, heat, salt and cold tolerance. It is more suitable to cultivate licorice for four years.

Licorice is suitable for planting in northwest, north and northeast of China, especially in Inner Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.

IV. Cultivation and management

(1) Land selection and land preparation

Sandy soil with fertile soil, loose soil, good drainage and low salinity is usually selected. Areas with waterlogged basins and high groundwater levels are not suitable for planting. Generally deep ploughing about 20 cm, ploughing flat rake fine. In the case of ridge cultivation, the general distance between ridges is 60-70 cm.

It is not suitable for planting licorice in areas with heavy and acidic soil.

(2) methods of reproduction

1. Seed propagation

(1) seed treatment

① physical method can use coarse sand or rice mill to grind the seed coat to make it rough and increase water permeability, or soak the seeds in 45 ℃ warm water for 10 hours before sowing.

In the ② chemical method, the seeds can be mixed with 1 part of concentrated sulfuric acid and 1.5 parts of seeds, mixed evenly, washed with clean water, dried and sown.

(2) Live broadcast of licorice

As a perennial herb, licorice can be planted in spring, summer and autumn, but according to the investigation of several licorice planting bases in China, the yield and quality in spring are better, so it is suggested to sow in spring as much as possible.

Mechanical or manual sowing can be used, using strip sowing, sowing depth of 2-3 cm, appropriate suppression after sowing. The sowing rate of direct seeding should be determined according to the growing period of licorice: if it is harvested in 2 years, the sowing density should be high, generally about 4 kg per mu; if it is harvested in 3-4 years, the sowing density should not be too large, generally 1-1.5 kg per mu.

(3) Seedling and transplanting

Sowing seeds around the middle of April when the daily average temperature is stable above 5 ℃. Mechanical or manual sowing can be used, using strip sowing, sowing depth of 2 cm to 3 cm, row spacing of 30 cm. Appropriate suppression after the broadcast. The sowing rate per mu is about 12 kg.

Seedling transplanting is generally carried out in the spring of the second year. When transplanting, open the ditch, tilt licorice (45 °angle) into the ditch, and then cover the soil to suppress. This is beneficial to the growth and development of rhizomes and the convenience of mining.

(4) comparison of two sowing methods of licorice:

Take 2-year-old licorice as an example, the amount of seed used in direct seeding land is large, and because licorice is a deep-rooted plant and its growth is irregular, it not only affects the quality of goods, but also brings inconvenience to mining. The general sowing rate of transplanting in seedling land is about 12 kg, and it can be transplanting more than 10 mu per mu. Seedling transplanting not only saves seed consumption, plant growth is robust, rhizome growth is neat, easy to harvest, but also good commodity quality and high yield. Therefore, it is better to raise seedlings and transplant licorice.

2. Rhizome propagation

Adventitious buds on the rhizome of licorice can germinate new plants. Choose a rhizome 0.5-1.5 cm thick, cut into a 15-25 cm segment, and each segment should have 3-5 adventitious buds. Most of the methods are strip planting or hole planting, the row spacing is 50-60 cm, the plant spacing is 25 cm, the depth is 15 cm, and the depth of salinized wasteland and arid land can reach 20 cm. Appropriate suppression after the broadcast. The planting period is mostly in spring or autumn, and it is suitable for early April in spring and late October in autumn.

(3) Field management of licorice

The main results are as follows: 1. The number of fixed seedlings of Glycyrrhiza uralensis is generally about 12000-15000 per mu. If the sowing row spacing is 30 cm, the plant spacing can be kept at 18.5-20 cm.

2. Irrigation

Licorice should always keep the soil moist before and after emergence to facilitate seedling emergence and seedling growth. Specific irrigation should depend on soil type and salinity: sandy non-saline-alkali or slightly saline-alkali soil can be irrigated after sowing; soil viscosity or salinity is heavier, so water should be irrigated before sowing, sowing soil moisture, and no irrigation after sowing, so as to avoid soil consolidation and salinity increase. The key to the cultivation of licorice is to protect the seedlings. Generally, the plants will not be watered after they grow up.

3. Ploughing and weeding

Intertillage weeding is generally carried out in the year of seedling emergence, especially in the seedling stage, licorice roots begin to tiller from the second year, weeds are difficult to compete with them, and there is no need for intertillage weeding.

4. Fertilization

Before sowing, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer, and barnyard manure is better. In the sowing year, phosphate fertilizer can be applied in early spring and 2000kg / mu organic fertilizer can be applied per mu before freezing in winter. Licorice root has nodule, has the effect of nitrogen fixation, generally does not apply nitrogen fertilizer.

5. Diseases and insect pests and their control

Powdery mildew and rust are easy to occur in rainy season, which can be sprayed with Bordeaux solution of 1purl and 150; red spiders are prone to occur in dry season, which can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate EC 1000-1500 times. Underground pests have ground tigers bite roots, you can use 90% trichlorfon 0.5 kg of raw medicine and 50 kg of bait mixed into poison bait.

V. harvesting and processing

The seeds were propagated for 3-4 years, and the rhizomes were propagated for 2-3 years. From late September to early October in autumn, the aboveground stems and leaves were collected when they withered. Licorice roots must be deeply dug, must not be cut off or hurt the root bark, after digging out to remove the residual stem, soil, avoid washing with water, while fresh to separate the main root and lateral root, remove Reed head, hair, branch, sun to semi-dry, tied into small handfuls, and then to the whole dry; it can also be excavated before the stems and leaves of licorice are unearthed in spring, but the mining quality is better in autumn.