Management of autumn mushroom in Lentinus edodes cultivation

After the stage of camouflage and mountain trap, the internal hyphae of Duan wood has fully spread, and at this time the Duan wood was renamed mushroom wood. It is very important to judge whether the segment wood has developed into a mature mushroom wood. The mature characteristics of mushroom wood are: the section wood gradually decomposes, softens, lightens, absorbs water and increases weight by more than 20%; the bark is not smooth, such as showing small bumps, and the white spot of rice grain size is the prototype of the formation of Lentinus edodes primordium. If the small pimple is not obvious, it can be judged by hand touch, such as the feeling of finger pressure is soft and elastic; tapping mushroom wood, the sound is deep and not crisp, indicating that the mushroom wood has matured. It is not easy to judge the maturity of mushroom wood, and it can only be mastered by long-term practice. Mature mushroom wood will be moved to the mushroom farm for mushroom production management.

(1) selection of cultivation sites at present, there are two forms of cultivation sites for Lentinus edodes. One is to select the cultivation field directly in the needle and broad-leaved forest with a shade degree of more than 70%, and to the east, south or southeast slope with a flatter hillside (sunny slope, large temperature difference between day and night, which is favorable for variable temperature to produce mushrooms), close to the water source and with a certain drop (for sprinkler irrigation and drought resistance), the place with good drainage and ventilation is used as the mushroom farm. Remove small shrubs and weeds from the mushroom farm, and set up a wind barrier at the mountain mouth to remove mountain ant colonies to prevent ants from eating mushroom wood. The other is an artificial shade shed, which imitates the forest environment and places mushroom wood in the shade shed.

(2) carefully move the mushroom wood from the trapped mountain to the cultivation ground, and be careful not to hurt the bark. After months of trapped mountain management, the mushroom wood lost a lot of water. in order to replenish the mushroom wood moisture, after moving into the mushroom farm, the mushroom wood was dropped to the ground and fully absorbed moisture, and pay attention to turning. When the soft tree species and small-caliber mushroom wood planted in the same year have high maturity, they can concentrate on falling to the ground and sprinkle water continuously for a week and turn it to make it absorb moisture evenly and accumulate enough water for the formation of fruiting body primordium. Hard tree species, large and medium caliber, planting mushroom wood with poor maturity in that year, after turning the heap, continue to trap the mountain or pour the mushroom wood to the ground, let the rain and snow drench, and rely on the ground temperature to keep warm through the winter to prevent water loss, and then enter the spring management in the coming year.

(3) for the mushroom wood that has lost too much water, the soaking method must be used to make the mushroom wood absorb enough water and provide enough water for the development of Lentinus edodes. At the same time, the primordia of Lentinus edodes were induced by temperature difference stimulation (water temperature and air temperature difference) and dry humidity difference stimulation. By controlling the immersion time to drown some weak primordia, in order to achieve the purpose of "fruit thinning", in order to cultivate high-quality mushrooms. The mushroom wood suitable for immersion must be mature or picked in the previous batch, and the latter must be "recuperated". Flooding facilities are underground, semi-underground and mobile sinks. The soaking time is related to the maturity (decay) of mushroom wood, the temperature difference between air temperature and water temperature, tree species and cultivated strains, especially with the former two. The mature mushroom wood of the small-caliber thin-bark tree cultivated in that year was immersed in water for 36 hours, the next year for 24 hours, and the third year for 12 hours, mainly because the mushroom wood became easier to absorb moisture with the increase of decay. The soaking time of large caliber thick-skinned mature mushroom wood was extended by 12 hours. The temperature difference between water and mushroom wood is large, the water absorption of mushroom wood is fast, and the temperature difference between them is small, and the water absorption of mushroom wood is slow. When soaking in water, the varieties cultivated by soaking mushroom wood should also be considered. after the high temperature varieties are immersed in water, they still can not produce mushrooms at medium temperature, which mainly can not meet the temperature needed for the differentiation of high temperature varieties. After immersion, it is fished out and stacked in the shape of a "well" or by other means, depending on the dryness and humidity of the site, and let it drain water. According to the variety, the degree of water absorption of mushroom wood, meteorological conditions, etc., with or without plastic film cover (depending on the site heat preservation and humidity), generally controlled at 15: 18 ℃, after 2-5 days, "bud burst" can be seen one after another. Some beginners asked for mushrooms and planted large-caliber hard trees that year, but the hyphae had not yet fully spread into mushrooms. In autumn and winter, immersion method was used to stimulate mushrooms, but only a small number of small mushrooms were self-defeating. After invading the water, some people fish out the mushroom wood and knock it on the stone pier, which is called "startled mushroom." this method can sometimes form a large number of mushroom buds, but more mushroom buds, scattered nutritional supply, forming inferior mushrooms or even diced mushrooms. in addition, the mushroom wood is seriously damaged, affecting the next batch of mushrooms.

(4) get off the shelf when the mushroom bud is the size of a little finger, you can prepare to take off the shelf. Before getting off the shelves, a "enclosure screen" must be set up at Shanfengkou to increase the humidity of the mushroom production site. Lay a pair of wooden piles in the cultivation field, tighten the "crossbar" with barbed wire (to prevent the mushroom wood from sliding after the shelf is lifted), and arrange the herringbone shape of the mushroom wood (palm type) on the "crossbar". The inclination of mushroom wood on the crossbar is determined according to the shading degree, slope and soil water holding capacity of the cultivation site. The place with better moisture retention can be steeper, and vice versa. If the humidity is low, make the mushroom wood close to the ground to maintain the moisture in the mushroom wood and make it produce mushrooms smoothly. In addition, there should be a gap between the mushrooms and trees, which can discharge 10 to 16 pieces per square meter, and there should be certain walkways between the shelves to facilitate the entry and exit of mushrooms.

(5) after shelving, the autumn and winter climate is relatively dry, and the relative humidity of the mushroom farm space must be effectively controlled (75%-85%), alternating between dry and wet, so as to enrich the mushroom tissue. For this reason, artificial spray can be used (do not sprinkle water directly on the mushroom cover, otherwise the mushroom cap is easy to blacken and rot), the finer the fog droplets, the better, free floating and landing, good quality Lentinus edodes can be obtained. After taking off the shelves, we must pay attention to the ventilation of the mushroom farm, otherwise it is easy to cause the breeding of miscellaneous bacteria. Lentinus edodes is an aerobic fungus, which is too stuffy and wet, which can easily cause hypertrophy of mushroom feet, small cover or even rotten mushrooms, so small shrubs and weeds under the cultivation field must be removed. In the sunny hill concave forest, if necessary, the branches of the lower half of the sunshade tree can be properly reduced to facilitate the ventilation of the mushroom farm. It is necessary to prevent frost in autumn, especially in mushroom farms with less sunshade. The development time of autumn and winter fruiting body is related to the strain, and also depends on the air temperature and space relative humidity, which generally varies from 15 to 20 days. Thick mushrooms and flower mushrooms are formed under the conditions of low temperature and low relative humidity (75%-85%). The commodity value is extremely high. After harvest, the mushroom wood still falls to the ground, absorbs moisture and keeps warm for the winter, and will be managed in the spring of the following year.