Production of Rot Fungi from Waste Mushroom

In the past ten years, the land Lentinus edodes industry in Xinbin County has developed on a large scale, and the cultivated materials have shown a momentum of growth. For a long time, the waste materials of Lentinus edodes cultivated on land are directly returned to the field to improve the soil, and the problem of waste utilization has not been studied. In recent years, due to climate reasons, the land cultivation mode of Lentinus edodes has gradually changed to the column conjoined mode of cold shed bacteria, so there are a lot of waste bacteria sticks every year. This year, 1560 sheds of shiitake mushrooms have been developed in cold sheds alone, and there will be 7 million kilograms of discarded sticks after mushrooms are produced. There are also many nutrients in these waste materials that can be reused, but mushroom farmers generally burn them as fuel, which is a great pity. How to turn these waste materials into treasures and realize the large-scale circular development of the agricultural industry? After market investigation and multi-party discussion, we finally focus on the use of waste materials to cultivate grass rot fungi, which can not only rely on the climate advantages, technological advantages and resource advantages of Xinbin County, but also solve the contradiction between bacteria and forest, which is another new way for farmers to get rich. For this reason, we have developed a cultivation model of straw rot fungus (Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus).

The mushroom tube cultivation mode is that 50% of the waste materials of Lentinus edodes are added to the raw material ratio, and the mushroom tube mode is made after fermentation. This cultivation model has the advantages of simple technology, labor-saving, cost-saving, fuel-saving and high-quality efficiency of fermentation materials. A simple shed of 210 square meters can create an output value of more than 10,000 yuan, and the benefit is very considerable.

1 cultivation mode

50% of Lentinus edodes waste bacteria sticks, 50% of corncobs and 50% of soybean stalks were used to make fermentation materials, and the barrel cultivation mode was adopted.

(2) Construction and disinfection of shed

A simple plastic cold shed is built, which is shaded by sunshade net and grass curtain, with a width of 7m and a length of 30m as a standard shed. The mushroom shed should be sterilized and insecticidal 2-3 days before sowing, and the ground should be sprinkled with quicklime.

3 strain production

2800 bags (17 × 33cm bags) of three grades were made in each shed, and the production method was the same as the general method.

4 cultivation material formula

Main ingredients: Lentinus edodes waste 50%, corncob 30%, bean straw 20%, plus 3%-4% lime. Requirements: Lentinus edodes waste mushroom sticks are crushed into sawdust, corncobs are crushed or beat into the size of cloud beans, bean stalks are crushed by 3 to 5, and 2 to 5 are rolled into segments of about 1 inch.

5 fermentation

Mix the main material evenly, dissolve the lime in water in proportion and mix it into the main material, and adjust the water content of the culture material to about 65% with clean water. When the pile is built on the cement ground, the top end of the pile is 1m wide, the lower end is 2m wide and the height is 1m, which is trapezoidal, and the length can be determined according to the site. After building the pile, pierce the hole with a stick with a diameter of about 5cm, 3 rows on each side, 1 line on the top of the pile, and the eye distance is about 33cm. Cover with straw curtain to keep warm and moisturizing. The pile can be turned in 3 days, and then once a day for a total of 3 times. When turning the pile, turn the outside material inward, the inside material outward, the top material downward, and the lower material upward. After each turn, the material surface is sprayed with 400 times dichlorvos insecticidal. During the fermentation process, the temperature in the material must reach more than 70 ℃, and when a large number of actinomycetes are produced, the culture material can be fermented well. The fermented culture material has no odor and mildew, and the hands are flexible and soft.

6 sowing

When the feed temperature drops to about 25 ℃, the seeds can be sown. When inoculation, two people in a group, divided into two groups, the other person transports materials, a total of 5 people, 2 days can be sown in a shed. When sowing, a barrel with a diameter of about 20~30cm was placed in the middle on the ground where the shed was built, the outer end was surrounded by iron sheet into a ring, and the diameter of the outer ring was about 60cm. Sowing in the ring, adopting layer sowing method, putting a layer of bacteria at the bottom, and then a layer of culture material and a layer of bacteria, the total sowing was 5 layers, and the ring column was about 60cm, and the top was sealed with bacteria. The culture material should be compacted, and the seed amount should be 15% and 20%. After sowing, remove the outer iron sheet, then wrap it with 1.5m wide plastic film to keep warm and moisturize, and then pierce 4 eyes around the bottom with a stick or steel bar about 2cm in diameter to penetrate the culture material; you can also put the stick or steel bar at the bottom before sowing and pull it out after sowing The side and top are pierced with sticks or steel bars about lcm in diameter, 3 rows on the side, to penetrate the culture material, 1 line at the top, about 2cm from the ground, eye distance from 20cm, and then remove the middle barrel

7. Covering soil with bacteria

The regulation of temperature and ventilation in the shed during the germicidal period is particularly important, raising the temperature in the early stage and cooling and increasing oxygen in the later stage. The temperature should be controlled at 20: 22 ℃, the material temperature should not exceed 25 ℃, and the relative humidity should be controlled at 50%-65%. Pay attention to the frequent ventilation in the hollow place in the middle, small ventilation can leave a small gap in the top plastic, all or half of the top plastic film can be fully ventilated at night, and pay attention to maintain humidity, so that the hyphae can grow well after shading and cultivation for about 30 days. After producing the bacteria, the mycelium should be cultured at 20: 22 ℃ for about 10 days to promote the physiological maturity of the hyphae. After 40 days of cultivation, we can enter the management stage of mushroom production. Fill the middle of the ring column with sterilized sand before mushroom, and then water the soil when the culture material replenishes water, and the yellow clay should add more sand, that is, it should have water permeability and water retention.

8 management of mushroom production

Use the method of scratching or piercing the eye to produce mushrooms. When the hyphae reach physiological maturity, the side of the annular column can be scratched or pierced deeply into the small orifice of 1~2cm every 15~20cm.

The general requirements of management are as follows: promoting primordium differentiation in the early stage to increase population yield; maturing primordia in the middle stage to improve the mushroom rate; and promoting stalk elongation in the later stage to produce high-quality mushrooms. Specific methods:

8.1 stage of primordium differentiation

The temperature is controlled at 12: 17 ℃, forming a certain temperature difference, the relative humidity is increased to 85% and 90%, and the greenhouse is ventilated twice a day for 15 minutes each time, supplemented by appropriate light stimulation to make the primordium differentiate as much as possible.

8.2 stage of mushroom bud formation

Pleurotus ostreatus has poor adaptability to environmental conditions in the period of mushroom bud formation. If the air humidity is less than 75% in a short period of time, the mushroom bud is easy to dry to death, and it will yellowed and atrophied when the strong wind blows. This will result in the death of mushroom buds, low mushroom rate, individual increase of mushrooms, although the total yield will not decrease, but the shape of the commodity will be affected. Therefore, during this stage, the temperature and humidity difference should be reduced as far as possible, the air temperature should be controlled at 15-20 ℃, the air relative humidity should be stabilized at 85%-90%, and be careful not to let the cold air directly attack the mushroom buds. In a word, it is necessary to stabilize the environmental conditions and improve the mushroom rate.

8.3 fruiting body growth stage

When the mushroom bud grows to 2cm, the adaptability to the environment begins to strengthen, and the greater the fluctuation of temperature and relative humidity in the suitable range, the fatter the fruiting body grows. Man-made alternating temperature and humidity difference and creating a natural ecological environment can greatly increase the weight of a single flower and commodity value. In order to make the mushroom stalk grow, the amount of air ventilation can be reduced and the indoor carbon dioxide concentration can be increased.

9 harvesting

When the fruiting body grows to 4~5cm length and the mushroom cover diameter is in 2~3cm, it must be harvested in time. The method of harvesting: hold down the culture material with the left hand, hold the stalk in the right hand and twist it, or cut it with a knife close to the material surface at the base of the fruiting body. Don't leave the stubble too high, so as not to cause rot. When harvesting, we should pick the big and keep the small. After all harvesting, the material surface should be cleaned up, and the mycorrhiza, dead mushrooms and dried mushrooms left on the culture surface should be cleaned up and transferred to the stage of bacteria culture, so as to turn to the tide early, produce more mushrooms and increase the total yield. The first few tide mushrooms do not need to be watered, and the moisture of the culture material can meet the needs of mushroom production. After picking several tide mushrooms, the culture material will lose water, so it should be replenished in time, and the middle sandy soil can be watered. Generally, more than 8 tides can be collected, and the total biological efficiency is more than 100%.