Introduction to Encyclopedia of seedlings-- Taxus cuspidata

Latin name: Taxuscuspidata

Plant name: Taxus mairei

Scientific name: taxuscuspidatesiebebzucc

Aliases: yew, cypress pine, cypress pine, broad-leaf yew, rice tree, etc.

Family name: Taxodiaceae

Latin name: Taxaceae

Genus name: Taxus

Taxus mairei is one of the 4 species and 1 variety in China, and the other 3 species and 1 variety are Taxus yunnanensis, Taxus chinensis var. mairei, Taxus chinensis var. mairei and Taxus chinensis var. mairei.

[distribution area]

Mainly distributed in Northeast China, Japan, Korea, Russia (Amur, Sakhalin, etc.) Northeast Asia. For example, eastern Liaoning and Jilin

Temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (main cities: Harbin, Mudanjiang, Hegang, Jixi, Shuangyashan, Yichun, Jiamusi, Changchun, Siping, Yanji, Fushun, Tieling, Benxi)

[morphological characteristics]

The tree is 20 meters high and 1 meter in breast diameter. Crown Obovate or broadly ovate. Bark reddish brown or grayish red, thin, flaky. The branches are dense, the branchlets are reddish brown, the annual branches are dark green, and they are reddish brown after autumn. The leaves born on the main branches are spirally arranged, and on the lateral branches, the petiole is twisted to the left and right into two irregular rows. Leaves linear, semistraight or slightly curved, 1.5 × 2.5 cm long and 2.5 mm wide, dark green and glossy. Dioecious, bulbous in the axils of the previous year's branch, male with 9-14 stamens, female with an ovule, ovule ovate, reddish, straight. Seeds ovate, purple-brown at maturity, glossy, ca. 6 mm long, 5 mm in diam. The aril covered with the upper opening, obovoid at maturity, cup-shaped, thick red, fleshy, juicy. The flowering period is from May to June and the seeds are mature from September to October.

[biological characteristics]

The environment is shady, can also grow under the dense forest, perennial, can not become a forest. It is more common in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest dominated by Korean pine. Born on stony or barren soil on the top of the mountain, most of them are shrubby. The average annual temperature in the place of origin is 2 degrees Celsius to 7 degrees Celsius, and the average annual precipitation is 750-1000 mm. Mostly scattered under the moist, fertile coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest on shady or semi-shady slopes. Like cool and humid climate, can withstand low temperature below minus 30 degrees Celsius, strong cold resistance, the optimum temperature is 20 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees Celsius, avoid violent heat, extreme cold and air dryness, belong to negative tree species. Like moist but afraid of waterlogging, suitable for planting on loose, moist and well drained sandy loam.

[growth area]

Taxus mairei is a tree species in Northeast China, which is adapted to grow in Northeast China, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai and other areas north of the Yangtze River.

[annual growth]

The plant height of Taxus cuspidata grows slowly in the first three years, and its annual growth is about 10-15CM. After transplanting for one year, the growth is accelerated, and the annual increase of seedlings over 3 years can reach 20-30CM.

[appearance features]

Taxus mairei is characterized by the fact that the twigs of the trees turn yellowish green or reddish brown in autumn. Its leaves are two-row, slightly curved in the shape of a sickle, looking like a ball near and like a flower from a distance, which is extremely beautiful.

[growth habits]

Negative, like cold, cool and humid climate, shallow root, afraid of waterlogging, avoid salt and alkali

[medicinal value]

Use stems, branches, leaves and roots as medicine. The main components include paclitaxel, paclitaxel and diterpenoids. It has anti-cancer function, and has the effect of inhibiting diabetes and treating heart disease. According to the identification of authoritative departments and related reports, Taxus mairei in China has a certain content in the extraction of taxol, especially the Taxus cuspidata with special growth environment, which has the highest content of 3/10000 (according to A.G.F.Neto). The unique climatic conditions are conducive to the deposition of substances in plants. If Taxus mairei is moved southward properly, the growth period can be increased, the growth environment can be improved, the synthesis of effective components in the body can be promoted, and the content and quality can be improved. Scientific research shows that yew bark, roots, trunks and other water to drink has a certain anti-cancer function, but the extraction of paclitaxel is very small, only about 50% can be extracted, of which the content of taxol is the highest in the wild in Changbai Mountain area of Northeast China.

[green viewing]

Taxus mairei is not only a rare medicinal plant, but also a good product for garden, courtyard greening and beautification. It is the most precious and rare high-grade greening tree species at present. Having unique bonsai ornamental value is another feature of Taxus mairei. The bonsai shape of Taxus mairei treated with dwarfing technology is simple and elegant, the branches and leaves are compact but not dense, stretched but not loose. Red stem, red branch, green leaf and red bean make it have multiple ornamental value of stem, branch, leaf and fruit. The smooth red stem represents magnanimity and nobility, the evergreen needles express perseverance and eternity, and the red beans that resemble "Acacia beans" show love and yearning. The shape of the whole plant is contained but not exposed, otherworldly, with a strong flavor of life and cultural heritage. Taxus mairei is listed as a first-class rare tree species in China for protection because of its scarce resources.