How to realize the artificial planting of Taxus

Taxus plants are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, except for China, Ningxia, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and other provinces have not been reported, the rest of the provinces are wild or introduced. Taxol extracted from Taxus has very obvious medicinal value, especially in the treatment of cancer, and it also has outstanding value in garden application, bonsai development and so on. recently, it has been paid close attention to by seedling producers and operators all over the country. However, how to achieve artificial planting to produce greater benefits?

Nursery site selection according to the analysis of the distribution and climatic data of wild yew, most areas of China can be cultivated, and Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan and Qinba Mountains of Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei and Henan are the preferred areas. The nursery land should be close to the cultivated land, convenient transportation, good site conditions such as drainage and irrigation, gentle and open terrain, fertile and ventilated soil, water and fertilizer conservation, no salt and alkali, open air or sparse Arbor forest.

In the ear harvest nursery management, all kinds of wild or introduced seedlings or cuttings of Taxus mairei were concentrated in the ear harvest nursery with a planting density of 1m or 0.8m × 1.2m, with 7500 to 9000 plants per hectare. Before winter or at the beginning of spring, flat stubble from 30 cm above ground, and according to plant size, 0.05 to 0.1 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer should be applied to each plant hole. During the vigorous growth period, that is, between May and July, topdressing should be applied 2 to 3 times, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. Urea 75 to 150 kg per hectare can be applied each time, supplemented by 0.1% to 0.3% urea combined with potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar spraying. Growth regulators such as L6-benzyladenine and gibberellin can also be used to promote sprouting and shoots. In view of the fact that the yew likes shade and dampness, especially the young plants are afraid of strong light and drought, the low crops such as corn and cabbage can be interplanted at the initial stage of the nursery, and the water management is suitable to maintain high air humidity and moist soil without waterlogging.

Nursery plains are planned according to square fields, which are suitable for main roads and irrigation systems; hills and mountains are built into suitable platform fields, anti-slope terraces or fish-scale pits according to contours. Equipped with certain auxiliary rooms, build a good water transportation and distribution system. Set up a shelterbelt in the upwind position. Young yew trees like shade and dampness and are suitable for close planting. In view of the fact that the harvest is twigs and leaves, and its yield depends on both branch quantity and density, in addition to strengthening management to promote growth, the cultivation density should also be increased, and it is appropriate to plant 18000 to 20, 000 trees per hectare. In order to facilitate management and harvest, the suitable row spacing is 0.4 m × 1.0 m.

The seedlings should be graded before planting in the planting nursery, requiring complete and robust roots, no drying and blackening of branches, full buds and no quarantine diseases and insect pests. Seedlings were raised near the planting site, and the survival rate of transplanting with soil balls was close to 100%. Seedlings with more water loss in long-distance transportation should soak their roots for one day and night and fully absorb water before planting. The selection of container seedlings is beneficial to protect the root system and improve the survival rate.

In the north, the sap has not yet flowed in early spring, that is, before the deciduous trees sprout, it is suitable for the south to plant in the dormant period after the new shoots stop growing in winter. Because of the climatic conditions, it can be planted early, which is beneficial to the restoration of root system and the survival rate is high.

According to the plan, a 0.4 m × 0.4 m banded ditch was dug 1 to 2 months before planting, and organic fertilizer was applied to each plant, which was evenly mixed with the topsoil and cultivated into a mound, and the seedlings were placed to stretch the root system, correct the position, fill the surface fertilizer soil, and finally fill the core soil, build a 0.4 m wide irrigation ditch, immediately irrigate, irrigate thoroughly, and require the root neck to be flat with the ground after water infiltration, and then seal the soil to preserve soil moisture. Proper shading can improve the survival rate.

The cultivation management should check the survival situation in time and replant. When transplanting large seedlings, it is better to bring soil balls or use planting bags. The management technology of pure forest cultivation base is basically the same as that of ear harvest nursery. Because the root system of Taxus mairei is shallow and likes humidity, so often watering and keeping the rhizosphere moist is the key to post-planting management. After the seedlings survived, the trunk was cut off about 30 cm from the ground, which was suitable after planting or before and after summer dormancy, which was beneficial to the germination of lateral branches. The second year is still the same management, the branches collected can be selected as cuttings, and after the third year, new branches and leaves can be harvested every year for medicinal raw materials.