Special germplasm of apricot in Chaoyang Mountain, Liaoning Province

Abstract: we investigated the germplasm resources of apricot in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province, and found 11 specific germplasm, including 3 kernel germplasm, 4 greening germplasm and 4 germplasm to be further identified. These new germplasm not only enrich the germplasm resources of apricot in Liaoning Province, but also lay a material foundation for the breeding of new varieties.

Key words: afforestation of apricot seed quality

Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province is one of the main apricot producing areas in China, and apricot cultivation has a long history. In the past, local apricot was mostly propagated by seed, and the genetic differences of apricot at three levels of individual, stand and provenance were fully differentiated and accumulated. Mountain apricot is rich in germplasm resources and has many variation types, which lays a foundation for the exploration of new germplasm and the selection of variation types. In order to find out the general situation of mountain apricot germplasm resources in Chaoyang, we investigated the apricot germplasm resources in Chaoyang city and selected the special germplasm or variation types which are valuable in production and scientific research.

1 investigation method

We used the method of visiting fruit growers and route investigation to investigate the mountain apricot germplasm in Chaoyang. The visiting fruit farmers asked the mountain apricot forest contractor to provide the local mountain apricot germplasm resources. According to the gradient of ecological factors and the distribution of resources, the apricot trees and their variation types were preliminarily identified as new germplasm or variant types according to the gradient of ecological factors and resource distribution. focus on the investigation of tree shape, tree age, crown width, tree height, trunk diameter, main branch base angle, growth potential and annual branch color; Corolla diameter, petal color, petal number, sepal color and complete flower proportion. Leaf shape, color, leaf tip, leaf base shape, leaf edge shape, sawtooth size; fruit shape, fruit weight, color, kernel, kernel, pulp, kernel flavor and other traits; 50 samples were collected from flowers, leaves, fruits, kernels and kernels. While investigating tree growth, fruit characters, leaf characters and flower characteristics, the local place names and habitats of the mountain apricot germplasm were recorded. The average fruit weight, kernel weight, kernel weight, nucleation rate and kernel rate were calculated.

2 Chaoyangshan apricot specific germplasm

2.1 Germplasm for benevolence

The main results are as follows: (1) 100% mountain apricot was found in Wujiazi Village, Dachengzi Town, Kazuo County, Liaoning Province, and Magou Village, Dachengzi Town, Kazuo County, Liaoning Province. Small trees, main branches opening at base angle 25. , natural happy shape, 1-year-old gray-white branches. The leaf is sharp, the leaf margin is serrulate, the leaf base is round. Corolla diameter 2.26cm, petals white, complete flowers 100%, and pistil higher 5~6mm than stamens. The fruit is flat and round, the average single fruit weight is 5.4g, the vertical and transverse diameter of the fruit is 3.12cm × 2.89cm × 1.60cm, the yellowish brown, the sunny side is flushed, the pulp is bitter, the average kernel weight is 1.81g, the vertical and transverse diameter of apricot kernel is 2.24cm × 2.14cmx1.10cm, the average single kernel weight is 0.60g, the vertical and transverse diameter of almond is 1.40cm × 1.24cm × 0.48cm, and the kernel is bitter. The average yield of apricot stone per square meter of crown was 164.68g in mid-late June of fruit ripening period.

(2) bitter flesh sweet kernel mountain apricot was found in Guozhangzi Village, Taizi Township, Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province. Small trees, main branches opening at a base angle of 45 °, 1-year-old branches reddish brown. Leaf blade rounded, apex acute, margin sharply serrate. Corolla diam. 2.40cm, petals pink-white, complete flowers 80%. The fruit is flat and round, the average single fruit weight is 6.2g, the vertical and horizontal diameter of the fruit is 2.42cm × 2.23cm × 1.99cm, the fruit is yellowish brown, the sunny side is flushed, the pericarp is thick, the pulp is bitter, the average single kernel weight is 0.98g, the vertical and horizontal diameter of apricot kernel is 2.05cm × 1.71cm × 0.91cm, the average single kernel weight is 0.36g, the vertical and horizontal diameter of almond is 1.49cm × 1.12cm × 0.72cm, the kernel can be processed almond milk, extract almond oil, develop almond medicinal materials and so on. The average yield of apricot stone per square meter of crown was 431.92g in mid-late June of fruit ripening period.

(3) Sweet meat sweet kernel mountain apricot was found in Xinangou Village, Liuguan Yingzi Township, Kazuo County, Liaoning Province. Small tree, main branch opening base angle 20 °, natural happy shape, 1-year-old branch reddish brown. Leaf blade apex obtusely pointed, margin serrulate, base cordate or truncate. Corolla 2.30cm in diam., petals pink-white, complete flowers 85%. The fruit is oblong, average single fruit weight 3.6g, fruit vertical and horizontal diameter 3.08cm × 2.55cm × 2.29cm; yellowish brown, red and pubescent on the sunny side; apricot meat sweet and edible; nucleus surface smooth, dorsal base truncated, wing small, ventral suture wing small, average mononucleate weight 0.93g, apricot kernel vertical and transverse diameter 2.20cm × 1.60cm × 0.90cm; average kernel weight 0.27g, almond vertical and horizontal diameter 1.12cm × 1.02cm × 0.51cm, almond flavor sweet. The flowering stage is 2-3 days later than that of common mountain apricot varieties, and the fruit ripening period is in early July, with an average apricot yield of 380.9290 per square meter of crown.

2.2 suitable for landscaping germplasm

The main results are as follows: (1) Weizhishan apricot was found in Toudaowa Village, Dachengzi Town, Kazuo County, Liaoning Province. The tree, the main branch opens the base angle 30-55 °, the tree shape is graceful, the branch is drooping, the branch is gray-white. Leaf blade acutely pointed, leaf margin serrulate, leaf base rounded. Corolla 2.30cm in diam., petals white, complete flowers 35%. The fruit is flat and round, and the average weight of single fruit is 3. 3G, fruit vertical and horizontal diameter 1.85cm × 1.96cm × 1.58cm; yellowish brown, sunny side flushed, pulp bitter; average kernel weight 1.00g, apricot kernel vertical and transverse diameter 1.61cm × 1.46cm × 0.90cm; average single kernel weight 0.31g, almond vertical and horizontal diameter 1.22cm × 1.00cm × 0.53cm; yield is not high, average apricot kernel yield per square meter is 20.97g. The flowering period is 7 days, which can be used as landscaping.

(2) one double-petal apricot was found in the Forest Variety breeding Center of Beipiao City, Liaoning Province and Maliangou, Dachengzi Town, Kazuo County, respectively. The tree age was 4 years old and 5 years old respectively. Small tree, main branch opening base angle 30 °45 °, 1-year-old branch reddish brown, leaf tip acute, leaf base rounded, leaf margin coarsely serrate. The Corolla diameter of the common mountain apricot variety is 1.50 times of the common mountain apricot variety Corolla diameter, and the petals are 6-9 petals, arranged in 2 layers, double mountain apricot (plate 4-5), the proportion of complete flowers accounts for 35%, and the florescence is 3-4 days longer than that of ordinary mountain apricots, which is 9-10 days. The fruit is flat and round, the average single fruit weight is 4.3 g, the vertical and transverse diameter of the fruit is 2.58cm × 2.66cm × 1.86 cm, the yellowish brown, the pulp is bitter, the average kernel weight is 1.40 g, the longitudinal and transverse diameter of apricot nucleus is 2.13cm × 1.94cm × 1.01cm, the average single kernel weight is 0.41 g, and the vertical and transverse diameter of almond is 1.61cm × 1.33cm × 0.72cm. Double mountain apricot has high ornamental value and can be used for landscaping and breeding hybrid parents.

Previous page [1] [2] next page