Technical points of jujube-grain intercropping

The key technology of jujube-grain intercropping is to adjust the contradiction between jujube trees and crops for fertilizer, water and glory, so as to achieve mutual benefit and mutual benefit and realize the high yield of jujube and grain.

1. Master the appropriate planting density. Row spacing has a significant effect on air temperature, humidity, light and wind speed, and it is also an important factor affecting jujube grain yield. Therefore, it should be arranged as a whole according to the purpose of cultivation and local conditions. The row spacing of jujube is 6 meters, that of grain is 15 meters, and that of jujube and grain is 8 meters.

2. Choose the appropriate planting direction. The orientation has a certain effect on the yield of jujube trees. Practice shows that when jujube trees are planted in the north-south direction, the light time under the canopy is more uniform, and the daily daylighting amount is also larger than that in the east-west direction. Therefore, it is generally better to plant jujube trees in the north-south direction, and at the same time, we should adjust measures to local conditions and master them flexibly.

3. Properly control the height of jujube trees. There is a certain relationship between the height of the tree and the amount of direct light. In order to improve the utilization rate of light energy and economic benefit, the height of the tree should be controlled below 6 meters, so the fixed stem height should be 1 ~ 1.5 meters.

4. Prune properly and control the shape of the tree. According to the investigation, the crown shape has different effects on the growth and yield of jujube and intercrop. The canopy is closed, the branches are crowded, ventilated and poorly transparent, the fruit position moves outward, the fruit setting rate decreases, and aggravates the effect on the intercrop. Therefore, the shape of the crown should be evacuated and happy.

5. Selective planting of crops. The selection of suitable crops for reasonable planting is one of the key techniques to adjust the contradiction between jujube and inter-crops. The selected intercrop should have the characteristics of mutual stagger between phenological phase and jujube phenological phase, short plant size, strong shade tolerance, short growth period and early maturity. According to practical experience, the following crops are more suitable for intercropping.

(1) wheat. Including winter, spring wheat, barley and so on, this kind of food crop has small plant, shallow root distribution, and the phenological phase and jujube phenological phase are intertwined, so it is an ideal crop for jujube grain intercropping.

(2) legumes. Including soybean, pea, mung bean, adzuki bean and so on, this kind of crop plant is short, the shade tolerance is strong, the growth period is short, the maturity is early. Moreover, it has the effect of self-nitrogen fixation, so it is a better crop for intercropping with jujube.

(3) miscellaneous grains. Including corn, millet, sesame, peanuts and cotton, can be intercropped with jujube trees. However, it is necessary to do a good job in rational distribution and planting, because these crops are light-loving crops, but there are great differences between light saturation point and compensation point. When intercropping with jujube, on the side near the jujube, sow several rows of legume crops first, and then sow millet, corn, sesame, cotton and so on. Adopting the combination of "short-high-short or short-medium-high-medium-low" type is not only conducive to ventilation and light transmission, meet the requirements of light intensity and daylighting of inter-crops, but also help to alleviate the contradiction between jujube and crops for fertilizer and water. It is also conducive to the control of diseases and insect pests and the convenience of under-tree management.