How to manage pear garden in autumn and winter

Autumn and winter is an important period of leaf dormancy for pear trees. Strengthening the field management of pear orchards in autumn and winter is beneficial to the growth, flowering and fruiting of pear trees in the following year.

1. Rational fertilization before the end of November, a deep application of autumn fertilizer to the pear orchard should account for more than 30% of the total amount of fertilizer applied in the whole year, mainly organic fertilizer such as rotten cruller (dry) fertilizer, residue fertilizer, retting fertilizer and human and animal manure. The method is as follows: in the crown dripping line of adult pear trees, dig two annular fertilization ditches of about 60 cm in length and 25 cm in depth and width, and apply 30 kg of mature human and livestock fertilizer to each plant. Add mature cruller (withered) fertilizer 1kg (or 10kg 20 kg, such as rotten residue fertilizer, retting fertilizer, etc.). The young trees were fertilized according to the amount of fertilizer halved or 1 beat 4 times, and the soil was covered after fertilization.

two。 Ploughing weeds to root out weeds in the pear orchard are buried deep in the fertilization ditch. Then, the pear orchard was turned deeply, shallow ploughing under the canopy, and 20-30 cm deep between rows, so that the soil was loose and the Kang soil eliminated the overwintering eggs.

3. Plastic pruning for the young pear orchard planted for 1-2 years, on the basis of pulling branches in the summer of that year, the methods of pulling branches, supporting branches and hanging branches were adopted to keep the opening angle of 60-70 degrees in order to ease the tree potential and form a dwarfing crown. For the adult fruit tree, the methods of thinning, truncation, renewal and retraction are adopted to see and prune the tree, so that the crown is ventilated and transparent, and the hierarchy is obvious, so as to achieve the purpose of internal and external fruit.

4. Comprehensive measures were taken to control overwintering diseases and insect pests in winter after pear leaves were fallen. First, remove the dead branches and fallen leaves near the pear orchard, cut off the branches of diseases and insect pests, scrape off the warped bark of the tree trunk, and burn them centrally or bury them deeply; second, before the beginning of winter, use cereal grass or weeds to make 1 or 2 small grass handles and place pear tree branches to lure pests to overwintering on the grass handle and burn all the grass together at the beginning of spring, which can eliminate a large number of overwintering pests. After the pear tree leaves fall to before germination, the pear orchard should generally spray 2-3 Baumetu stone-sulfur mixture for 1 and 2 times, and brush the tree trunk with the residue; the whitening agent can also be prepared with the following two formulations: (1) 4 kg of quicklime, 3 kg of stone-sulfur mixture, 0.5 kg of diesel or kerosene and 50 kg of hot water. The preparation method is as follows: first, the quicklime block is dissolved into slurry in warm water, and then add stone sulfur mixture, diesel oil or kerosene, and fully stir; (2) 5kg of quicklime, 0.5kg of salt, 100g of 40% Fumei arsenic wettable powder, 0.5kg of diesel oil (or engine oil), and 50kg of 60 ℃ warm hot water. The preparation method is as follows: first dissolve the lime block into lime milk (pulp) in warm hot water, and then add salt, oil and pesticides to mix well.