Apricot and its cultivation points in the New Century

The American variety of apricot in the new century was introduced from Zhengzhou fruit tree in 1999. through multi-point trial and observation in Guizhou Province, it was confirmed that this variety has strong adaptability, early fruiting, high yield, large fruit, strong sweet taste and excellent quality. The fruit ripens in the middle of May, 13 days earlier than Kate apricot and one month earlier than agate apricot. The fruit can be sold out before wheat harvest and is not busy with farming. It is expected to replace the old varieties such as camel yellow and red purse and become the leading variety of precocious apricot in Guizhou.

I. Variety characteristics

1. Morphological characteristics. The young trees are strong and open naturally. Using happy shaping and pruning, the biennial tree is 260 cm high and 2.6 m × 2.0 m in diameter. New leaves, new shoots light reddish brown, perennial branches grayish brown, dark green leaves, smooth leaves.

2. Adaptability and phenology. This variety has strong adaptability and shows good growth under different site conditions in Guiyang, Changshun, Huishui, Xishui, Chishui, Xingyi, Bijie and Zunyi. In Guiyang area, the germination period is early March, the flower bud expansion period is mid-March, the full flowering period is early April, the florescence is 5-7 days, the fruit matures in the middle of May, and the growth period is 43-51 days. The leaves fell in the first ten days of November and the annual growth period was about 230 days.

3. Growth and fruiting habits. Young trees grow vigorously, using happy shaping and pruning, combined with 3-4 times of coring, a stable and high-yield tree structure can be formed in the same year. After entering a large number of fruit, the tree was relaxed and grew stably, mainly with medium and short fruit branches. It is easy to flower, and resistant to late frost, self-blooming strength is strong, open-field planting in the second year can test flowers and test fruit. The average fruit weight is 68 grams, with 40-60 fruit per plant. The yield is 500kg per mu in the third year and 2500 kg per mu in the fourth year. It has the characteristics of early fruit, high yield and stable yield.

4. Fruit economic characters. Apricot fruit is nearly round, with obvious sutures, large fruit, average single fruit weight of 52-73 grams, maximum fruit weight of 91 grams, enucleated, edible rate of 90%, bright color, pink appearance, orange-yellow background, red sun, orange-yellow pulp, solute, fine flesh and rich juice. Soluble solids 15%, sugar 13%, acid 2.1%, moderate sweet and sour, strong aroma, excellent quality.

Second, the main points of cultivation

The row spacing of plants cultivated in the open field is 2-3 m × 4-5 m. In order to strive for premature and high yield, planned close planting can be adopted, with a row spacing of 2 × 3 m and 111 seedlings per mu. If the protected cultivation is adopted, the density can also be increased.

Planting special orchard grasses in the garden, such as ryegrass, alfalfa, red and white clover, helps to conserve water and fertilizer, control weeds, reduce diseases and insect pests, and provide forage grass (especially important in areas where water is scarce).

The variety has a large growth, so it is necessary to pick the heart in time in summer pruning, and remove the parallel branches, cross branches, drooping branches and upper dorsal branches that disturb the tree shape, so as to ensure the ventilation and light transmission of the inner chamber and improve the staining rate of the sunny side of the fruit.

In winter pruning, first of all, the strong branches of suitable parts are selected as the main branches, and the fruiting branches and growing branches are matched in proportion to promote the crown to take shape as soon as possible. It is advisable to cut young trees lightly and keep more, pay attention to the opening angle and give priority to long shoot pruning. After a large number of results, it should be gradually transferred to conventional pruning, which can be re-cut and retracted, the tree potential can be controlled moderately, and there is no staggered shading between plants and rows, so as not to move the fruit part out and cause the tree to age ahead of time.

The fruit growth period in the new century is short. In order to increase the number of fruits, in addition to strengthening fertilizer and water management and winter pruning to control the number of branches, fruit should be strictly thinned 2-3 weeks after flowering, so as to ensure high and stable yield and improve the commercialization of fruits.

Pay attention to the comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and insect pests such as apricot disease, apricot caterpillar, apricot ball and so on.