Yuxi Red Honey, a New Variety of Peach with large Fruit, late ripening and Storage tolerance and its cultivation techniques

Yuxi Hongmi (tentative name) was bred in 1996 by the Forestry College of Henan University of Science and Technology using Wanhongmi as female parent, local variety August fresh and Meixian winter peach as male parent. The fruit is extremely large, spherical, with an average single fruit weight of 350g. The sunny side of the fruit is rose-red, beautiful, fleshy, sweet, sticky and hard. Good resistance, no fruit cracking, fruit drop phenomenon, the fruit matured in mid-September, coinciding with the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, the market prospect is good. The variety characteristics and cultivation techniques are introduced as follows.

1 main characters

1.1 Botanical characteristics

The tree body is large, the crown is naturally semicircular, the tree posture is half-open, the sun side of the 1-year-old branch is dark red, the new shoot is green, the sun side is red, the average length of the internodes is 2.3cm, the leaf is narrowly lanceolate, the leaf tip is acuminate, the leaf base is narrowly cuneate, the leaf margin is serrulate, the leaf color is dark green, the average leaf 18cm, wide 4cm. Nectaries are 2-4, reniform. Flowers rose-shaped, petals pink.

1.2 Fruit economic traits

The fruit is round and neat, with an average single fruit weight of 350 g and a maximum of 500 g. The top of the fruit is slightly concave, the suture is shallow and obvious, and the two halves are symmetrical. The peel background is yellow and white, the face of the fruit is rose red, and the hairs are thin and short. The pericarp is thin and easy to peel off when ripe. The flesh is milky white, there is red pigment under the skin (storage or delayed harvest, the red pigment increases), near the core is dark red. Pulp hard solute, more juice, crisp sweet and delicious, slightly fragrant, less fiber, soluble solids content 16%-17%. Sticky core, edible rate 96%.

1.3 growth and fruiting characteristics

The tree is strong, with a height of 2.5m, a crown width of 3.0m × 2.5m, a trunk diameter of 10.5cm and an average shoot length of 75cm. Medium sprouting ability, strong branching ability, long, medium and short fruit branches can bear fruit. The flower bud initiation node of the short fruit branch is the first node, and the flower bud initiation node of the long medium fruit branch is the 2nd ~ 3rd node. There are many compound flower buds, and the average number of flowers on the fruit branches of 20cm is 20. The average plant yield was 5kg in the second year, and 35kg, 60kg and 75kg in the third, fourth and fifth year, respectively.

1.4 Phenological phase

In Henan Province, the sprouting period of leaf buds is in the middle of March, the early flowering stage is at the end of March, the flowering stage is in the first ten days of April, and the flowering period is 8-9 days (days). The leaf spreading period is in the middle of April, and the rapid growth period of new shoots is in late April. The fruit began to expand rapidly for the first time in the first and middle of May, and began to expand for the second time from the middle of August to the beginning of September. The outer fruit of the crown was fully colored in the first ten days of September, and the fruit was colored and ripened in the middle of September. The fruit development period was 160-170 days. The period of defoliation is the middle of November.

1.5 stress resistance

This variety is more resistant to drought, waterlogging and disease resistance. From the winter of 2001 to July 2002, there was no watering or rainfall, and it was still fruitful. From May to August 2003, there was a series of heavy rain and continuous cloudy days, and it was still fruitful. This variety has no special diseases and insect pests, such as peach bacterial perforation, anthracnose, scab, powdery mildew, aphids, leaf moths, red spiders, pear heart borer, red-necked longicorn beetles and so on. The brown rot of this variety is very few, and there is no phenomenon of fruit drop before harvest.

2 key points of cultivation techniques

2.1 soil selection and planting density

Yuxi red peach has strong adaptability, drought resistance and barren resistance, and can be successfully planted in mountainous, hilly and flat land. The soil pH value is between 5.5 and 7.5, but repeated planting in the old peach orchard should be avoided.

The tree posture of this variety is open, the suitable planting density is 3m × 4m or 2m × 4m, and the proportion of pollination trees is 5 ∶ 1.

2.2 shaping and pruning

4m × 2m row spacing should be V-shaped tree. The shape of the tree is 2a (year), and the length of the main branch and its extended branch is 1.4 ~ 1.5m. At least keep the ventilation and light transmission belt of 60~80cm between lines.

As the strain is easy to flower, the number of branches and fruit should be strictly controlled. Every 667 square meters (mu) of branches should be controlled at 8000 to 10000, leaving 2 and 3 fruits per branch. In pruning, it is necessary to prune lightly, mainly to cultivate long and medium fruit branches, and the thickness of fruit branches should be 0.3~0.4cm.

2.3 Flower and Fruit Management

For this variety, the flower and fruit should be thinned strictly and the amount of fruit should be controlled. Remove the fruit on the double fruit, deformed fruit, disease and insect fruit, small fruit, erect fruit and branches above 0.6cm, and retain the good fruit on the branches with correct shape, symmetrical fruit size and 0.3~0.4cm thickness. Keep the fruit spacing 8~10cm, keep the leaf-fruit ratio at 50 ∶ 1, and maintain the yield of 667m2 (mu) above 3000kg. After setting the fruit (late May), set a white plastic bag to prevent diseases and insect pests from infecting and harming the fruit, prevent fruit cracking and promote fruit coloring. Spray insecticide and fungicide before and after bagging.

2.4 strengthen fertilizer and water management. Promote growth and flower

In the first year of planting, the first fertilizer was applied after sprouting in spring, and then once every 15 days (days). The available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer was applied with irrigation. When urea 10g 25g, superphosphate 10g and organic fertilizer 5~10kg were applied to each plant, the amount of fertilizer applied gradually increased with the expansion of tree crown. Stop topdressing in early July to control shoot growth and facilitate flowering. Autumn fertilizer was applied once in late September (mainly organic fertilizer).

The fertilization of high-yield trees should be based on base fertilizer, combined with deep ploughing in late autumn. Generally, 667 square meters (mu) of organic fertilizer 7000kg is applied, accounting for more than 80% and 90% of the total amount of the year. The second time was strong fruit fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, applied after fruit setting (late May). The third time before the rapid expansion of the fruit was applied (mid-August, late August), mainly available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. In addition, after fruit harvest, nitrogen fertilizer was mainly applied once in late September to enrich shoots and improve the level of storage nutrition in trees. Attention should also be paid to the supplement of trace elements.

Although the peach tree has strong drought tolerance, in the flowering stage and fruit expansion period, if there is no rain for a long time, the peach tree should be irrigated in time to promote the normal fruit setting and development. In addition, water should be irrigated in time after each topdressing. Peach trees are most afraid of waterlogging, and in rainy seasons, they should dredge ditches and drainage in time to prevent waterlogging.

2.5 Disease and pest control

In view of the diseases and insect pests found on this variety, it can be controlled by catching 7 key control periods in the whole year. Specifically, ① sprayed 3 °be ~ 5 °Be stone sulfur mixture before germination, mainly to control bacterial perforation, powdery mildew, peach aphid, red spider, leaf miner, heart-eating insect, etc. ② sprayed 2000-fold solution (or 2000-fold solution of imidacloprid) + 1000-fold solution of carbendazim powder (or methyl topiramate) before anthesis, mainly used to control aphids and control blind stink weevil. 10 days after anthesis (days) (in the first ten days of April), ③ sprayed 2500 times of broomide and 1000 times of Haoai Sheng to control the perforation of Toona sinensis, aphids and peaches; ④ used diazuron 3 (1500-2500 times) + Kung Fu (2000 times) + fungicide in early May to control peach leaf moth; ⑤ used Shijiejing (1500-2000 times) + Taoxiaojing (Ling) 1500 times in late May to control heart borer and red spider. ⑥ sprayed 2000 times solution of red white mite plus Taoxiaoling (or kung fu) in the first ten days of June to control red spiders, and ⑦ used Taoxiaoling (Jing) + cypermethrin 2000 times solution + mancozeb 1000 times solution or carbendazim to control bacterial perforation, powdery mildew and scab from late June to early July. At the same time, it can control aphids, mites and mulberry scale.

When using drugs, all kinds of drugs should be used alternately to prevent diseases and insects from developing drug resistance.