Black heart disease of pear
Brown plaques can appear on the pericarp at the initial stage of the lesion, and when the brown gradually expands to the whole core, the pulp will show blurred browning. The flavor of diseased fruit becomes worse, which seriously affects the fresh-keeping and storage life of Yali pear.
According to the different storage period and conditions of this cause, it can be divided into early black heart disease and late black heart disease. The former occurred 30-50 days after entering the cold storage, which was thought to be caused by low temperature injury during storage, while the latter usually occurred in soil kiln storage conditions, mostly around the Spring Festival of the following year, which may be related to the natural senescence of fruits. In addition, the higher concentration of CO2 in storage environment could also lead to the occurrence of black heart disease in Yali pear. The browning of the core of Yali pear is mainly caused by the increase of the activity of polyphenol oxidase, which leads to the oxidative progenitor reaction in the core and pulp tissue of Yali pear. Calcium is also the main mineral nutrient element affecting the black heart of Yali pear.
In prevention and treatment, when using cold storage, the temperature should be gradually reduced to 0 ℃ to reduce the early black heart disease caused by low temperature injury.
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Transmission ways and control measures of pear scale
1. Distribution and harm of pear scale mainly harms many kinds of fruit trees and trees such as pear, apple, apricot, peach, Hawthorn, grape and poplar in Korla area. The dense groups of insects live on the upper part of the crown and the branches of the inner chamber, and there are more smooth branches and sunny sides. The insect population density on the 5-year-old branches was the highest, and most of the 1-year-old branches were concentrated around the bud base. Pear scale sucks the sap of branches, leaves and fruits with female adults and nymphs. The twigs and leaves withered and fell off after being damaged, and the fruits appeared purplish red after being damaged.
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Yuxi Red Honey, a New Variety of Peach with large Fruit, late ripening and Storage tolerance and its cultivation techniques
Yuxi Hongmi (tentative name) was bred in 1996 by the Forestry College of Henan University of Science and Technology using Wanhongmi as female parent, local variety August fresh and Meixian winter peach as male parent. The fruit is extremely large, spherical, with an average single fruit weight of 350g. The sunny side of the fruit is rose-red, beautiful, fleshy, sweet, sticky and hard. Good resistance, no fruit cracking, fruit drop phenomenon, the fruit matured in mid-September, coinciding with the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, the market prospect is good. The variety characteristics and cultivation techniques are introduced as follows.
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