The technology of returning rice straw to field and no-tillage planting

The no-tillage technology of returning rice straw to the field refers to a simple planting method in which rice stalks are evenly laid in the field without ploughing and only chemical weeding is carried out. The technology was successfully tested and studied by Chengdu second Agricultural Science Research Institute in May 2000. The technology of rice straw returning to field and no-tillage planting wheat fully combines the advantages of straw returning, no-tillage and sowing, and forms a new technology by scientific assembly, which has not been formally reported at home and abroad. The experimental study shows that the comprehensive matching technology can not only increase income, save capital and increase efficiency, but also has significant social, economic and ecological benefits. In the experiment in 1999, the yield of wheat per mu was 355.31kg, which increased 11.37kg per mu compared with the conventional cultivation method in the same field, increased the yield by 3.3%, and saved about 80 yuan per mu. The success of this technology can not only increase soil organic nutrients, reduce chemical fertilizer pollution, protect soil aggregate structure, facilitate the smooth flow of water, fertilizer and gas in soil, and reduce the above-ground and underground diseases of plants, but also greatly accelerate the planting progress and reduce the labor intensity. At the same time, it avoids the environmental pollution caused by the burning of straw, and finds a new way for the reuse of straw, which is suitable for the needs of modern technology. The main technical points of returning rice straw to field and no-tillage and sowing wheat are introduced as follows:

(1) after the field preparation, weeding and rice harvest, spread all the straw evenly in the whole field and let it drench in the sun and rain. 7 days before sowing, 5m box was opened, and the ditch was made, the width of the ditch was 30cm, and the depth of the ditch was 30cm, so that the field surface was smooth to facilitate irrigation and drainage in the later stage. At the same time, chemical weeding was carried out with gram 0.25kg per mu.

(2) Fertilizer was applied 1-2 days before sowing, using pure nitrogen 12kg, calcium superphosphate 10kg and potassium oxide 10kg per mu, which should not be applied in the period of high temperature.

(3) the time of fine sowing is 2-3 days earlier than that of the local year. The two cropping fields in Chengdu Plain were sown around October 30th. The selected varieties were used for 10-20kg per mu. The seeds were soaked in plant nutrient solution such as "Huolisu" 500x solution, then cool-dried, sowed evenly in different compartments, and then poured enough dung water. In areas with good conditions, horse water can be irrigated 1-2 times after sowing to moisturize and emerge seedlings. At the same time, pay attention to rodent prevention.

(4) after field management and sowing, the quality of seedling emergence mainly depends on the humidity in the field. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen water management and pay attention to moisturizing. After Miaoqi to Erye Yixin, according to the local grass damage situation, select appropriate herbicides to control weeds at the seedling stage, such as spraying 5g 50kg on water with 75% per mu. At the same time, 75% paclobutrazol 150g per mu was sprayed with water 75kg to make the seedlings short, strong and tillering. Before jointing, 25g / mu of wheat was applied to thicken the stem and enhance the lodging resistance. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5kg at booting stage can also be used in combination with other nutrients to improve seed setting rate. In time, 50% Fengling 100g was used to prevent rust, and 75% methyl topiramate 100g was used to control scab at flowering stage.

(5) timely harvest when the wheat is 90% ripe, harvest in time on a sunny day, light sun and slow storage to ensure quality.