Diagnosis and treatment of common feed, drug and environmental poisoning in chickens (1)

1. Cottonseed cake poisoning

Cottonseed cake contains 36% Mel 42% crude protein and is rich in selenium, phosphorus and B vitamins. It is an economical and effective protein feed. However, cottonseed cake contains toxic substances such as free gossypol and cyclopropene fatty acids. Among them, free gossypol can accumulate in the body after absorption, which is toxic to the cells of nerves, blood vessels and organs. Long-term uninterrupted feeding of cottonseed cake will cause poisoning.

1.1 at the beginning of the disease, the chickens showed decreased appetite, increased water consumption, lethargy, loose feathers, blue sea purple conjunctiva, slightly swollen chicken crown, dark purple, weak legs, muscle tremor, acute poisoning, mouth, nose, anus and other natural hole bleeding, excretion color sparse feces. The egg production of laying hens decreased sharply, the eggshell was rough, the number of soft shell eggs and deformed eggs increased, the body gradually lost weight, the testis of breeder cocks atrophied, the semen quality was poor, and the fertilization rate and hatching rate of breeding eggs decreased.

1.2 postmortem examination showed catarrhal or hemorrhagic inflammation, hepatomegaly, pulmonary edema, soft myocardium, reddish exudate in the abdominal cavity and a large amount of yellowish content in the cecum.

1.3 there is no specific treatment for the prevention and treatment of the disease. Immediately after the disease, stop feeding the compound feed with gossypol. Diseased chickens were fed with ferrous sulfate at a uniform proportion of 0.5%. After 3 days, the dose was halved, and then used for 7 days. At the same time, you can use VE, add 10-20 grams per kilogram of feed, mix well, continuous use for 15 days, can promote the recovery of hen laying function.

Rational use of cottonseed cake can prevent cottonseed cake poisoning, the methods are: (1) detoxification treatment. Detoxification treatment can improve the utilization rate of cottonseed cake. the general method of detoxification is to add iron agent and 1 kg ferrous sulfate per 100 kg cottonseed cake. In addition, the cottonseed cake can also be effectively detoxified by stir-frying in the pan for 1-2 hours. (2) limit the amount of feeding and intermittent feeding. The cottonseed cake should not exceed 2% Mel 3% in the chicken diet, and the laying hens should not exceed 5% Mel 7%. After toxic treatment, the cottonseed cake can account for 15% Mel 20% in the diet of broilers, otherwise it should not exceed 10%. In order to prevent gossypol from accumulating in the body, it should be stopped for 2-3 weeks after continuous feeding for 1-2 months, so that the residual toxin in the body can be excreted. (3) replenish green material or add multi-dimension. Green diet can significantly enhance the detoxification ability of free gossypol and prevent secondary VA deficiency.

2. Rapeseed cake poisoning

Rapeseed cake is a better protein feed, the protein content is about 30%, and the composition of amino acid is better than that of cottonseed cake. However, rapeseed cake contains sugary mustard seeds, which will produce toxic isothiocyanate and oxazolidinone under the action of mustard hydrolase.

2.1 symptoms of chicken poisoning after dyspnea, nose also flow foam, diarrhea, feces with blood, severe pupil dilation, weakness of both limbs, and eventually died of failure.

2.2 thyroid enlargement, congestion, bleeding and exfoliation of gastrointestinal mucosa, more fat deposition and bleeding in liver, and enlargement of kidney.

2.3 at present, there is no specific therapeutic drug for prevention and treatment, which can be recovered gradually after stopping feeding. Rational use of rapeseed can effectively prevent poisoning.

(1) detoxification is carried out before use. The methods include burying method, water immersion method, heating method, ammonia or alkali treatment method, and "6017" tea seed cake detoxification agent can be used.

(2) Limited feeding, no more than 5% for laying hens and no more than 7% Mel 10% for growing hens, which should be gradually increased during use.

(3) use it together. The mixed feeding of rapeseed cake with other cakes or animal protein feed can not only meet the overall protein needs of chickens, but also reduce the proportion of various cakes and meals in the diet to avoid poisoning.