Cultivation techniques of Schisandra chinensis in courtyard

The cultivation of Schisandra chinensis by using the courtyard and the open space in front and back of the house can not only increase economic income and solve the problem of land shortage, but also relieve heat, shade and cool, green the courtyard and beautify the environment. Whether urban or rural housing, factories, schools, institutions, etc., can use the courtyard to cultivate Schisandra chinensis, which is a promising creative project.

1 cultivation characteristics

1.1 rational use of space to facilitate management

Schisandra chinensis belongs to vine fruit trees, it can extend the results with the help of scaffolding, make full use of space, in the courtyard, very suitable for planting. As it is planted in the hospital, both young and old members of the family can use their leisure time for timely management of vine binding, heart picking, disease prevention, pest control, fertilization, watering and so on.

1.2 early fruit, high yield and good quality

In the courtyard, due to the existence of people and poultry, there is a thermal effect, the temperature is higher than the field, forming a microclimate, which is conducive to the growth of Schisandra chinensis. At the same time, adequate fertilizer and water, fine management, so Schisandra sprouted early, fast growth, deep roots and luxuriant leaves, strong photosynthesis, early fruit, high yield, early maturity and excellent quality.

1.3 increase income and beautify the environment

Planting Schisandra chinensis in the courtyard not only earns a considerable income, but also provides a good place for people to cool and rest in the hot summer, especially when the fruit is ripe, the string of red fruit is refreshing and refreshing.

2 cultivation shelf type

Planting Schisandra chinensis in front and back of the courtyard is a leisure cultivation that enriches spiritual life. Schisandra chinensis rack type and potted plant shape can be selected according to their own hobbies and expertise. According to the characteristics of poor ventilation in the courtyard, the scaffolding surface of the courtyard Schisandra chinensis should be higher than the courtyard wall, and leave fewer branches to prevent the breeding of diseases and insects and the influence of fruit setting.

2.1 inclined greenhouse frame

The open area of the courtyard and the front and back of the house can be cultivated by frame. Leading the branches to the roof space will not affect the requirements of Schisandra chinensis for wind and light conditions and the free movement of people under the frame, but also enjoy the cool in summer. The inclined greenhouse frame is generally 8 '20m long, and the height of the frame varies greatly, leading to the scaffolding above the building, with a height of 1.5' 2m and a height of 3 '4.5m. The pillars are mostly made of cement columns or bamboo poles, covered with iron wire or other substitutes.

2.2 small scaffolding

Suitable for smaller courtyards, Schisandra chinensis is easy to be covered with shelf noodles, which is beneficial to early high yield. Generally, the length of the frame is 4mm 6m, the height of the root is 1.3m 1.5m, the height of the tip is more than 1.8m 2.2m, and the plant distance is about 0.5m.

2.3 single high-dry Arbor type

Build a 2m high square or round flat-roofed cool scaffolding in the quiet place of the courtyard, and plant a Schisandra chinensis in the middle. The branches and vines are evenly distributed on the shelf surface to form a flat-roofed green leaf covering the Arbor. Stone table stools are placed under the shed, and people play chess and enjoy the cool below.

2.4 potted plants

If it is inconvenient to get soil in the courtyard or the floor is full of cement, potted plants can be used. That is, potted Schisandra chinensis is neatly placed on both sides of the aisle and other places, can still play the role of courtyard Schisandra chinensis.

3 main points of cultivation

3.1 selection of varieties

The varieties planted in the courtyard must have the best varieties with strong stress resistance, early fruiting, easy to high yield, large fruit, high quality, easy management and suitable for scaffolding cultivation.

3.2 strong seedlings

The quality of Schisandra chinensis seedlings directly affects the survival, growth and development of Schisandra chinensis seedlings after planting in the courtyard, so the seedlings with developed root system, strong branches, full bud eyes and no diseases and insect pests must be selected. During planting, in addition to disinfecting the seedlings with 3 °stone sulfur mixture, it is also necessary to trim the roots, that is, to cut off the overlong roots and moldy roots, which is beneficial to the growth and development of new roots after planting and prevent the occurrence of diseases.

3.3 improve the soil and apply sufficient base fertilizer

Generally speaking, because there are many buildings such as brick and stone left in the courtyard when the house is built, soil improvement is needed before planting. Before planting, dig the planting hole, at least 1m wide and deep, and remove the building debris from the soil. If the soil quality is not good, it should be cultivated in guest soil. Schisandra chinensis is suitable for sandy loam, and the soil layer should be deep. The soil in many courtyards is mixed with debris such as broken bricks, tiles and lime dregs. If the soil quality is not good, it should also be cultivated in guest soil. Before planting, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, such as chicken manure, sheep manure, pig manure and human feces and urine. Each plant is about 50kg. When applying fertilizer, paste and topsoil should be mixed evenly, and the bottom layer of the planting hole should be filled first to facilitate the downward growth of the root system. During the growth and fruiting period of Schisandra chinensis, in order not to affect the environmental hygiene of the courtyard, it is best to apply chicken manure or fully mature cake manure, and the method and time of fertilization are basically the same as those in the field.

3.4 rational watering

In the cultivation of Schisandra chinensis in the courtyard, in order to prevent watering when there is water, it is unscientific to throw face washing water under the tree. this not only causes high soil moisture and the breeding of diseases, but also the soap contained in the face washing water affects the growth of the root system. it is extremely disadvantageous to Schisandra chinensis. The watering of Schisandra chinensis in the courtyard should look at the sky, the earth and the growth performance of Schisandra chinensis, but it should be watered at least 3 times in the whole year, that is, before sprouting, during the growing period of young fruit and before overwintering.

3.5 scaffolding shaping

3.5.1 in the year of scaffolding shaping and planting, 1 or 2 stout new shoots were selected as the main vine, combined with different scaffolding types to select fruit branches. When the main vine is pruned in winter, the main vine will stay as long as possible. After sprouting in the spring of the following year, a new shoot will be used as the extended vine of the main vine, and it will still be tied up in parallel. According to the needs of the shelf surface, the new tip will leave a fruiting branch group every other 30cm until the branches are covered with the shelf surface.

3.5.2 the cultivation of hedge frame plastic hedge generally carries out the shaping of double main vines, and two main vines are cultivated. During winter pruning, the super-long shoots of the main vines were pruned, leaving 8-10 branches per tree, which were cultured into a fan-shaped tree with double main vines, and then re-cultured between the two main vines. 1 small main vine, into 2 large l small improved fan-shaped plastic surgery. Four wires are evenly distributed, the first off-ground 65cm, each interval 45cm, the height of the shelf is 1.8m-2.0m.

3.5.3 according to the growth and development characteristics and intention of Schisandra chinensis, pot shaping is cultivated into a certain shape, so that the branches and vines are distributed reasonably in the basin, the posture is beautiful, and the ornamental value is increased. The specific pruning measures are as follows:

① fan-shaped culture of 3 or 4 main vines, the basin on both sides and the middle of each inserted a small bamboo pole, according to a certain distance set a crossbar, the new shoot evenly tied to the shelf surface, that is to become a fan-shaped.

② funnel-shaped generally leave 3-4 main vines, and each tied to a small bamboo pole, bamboo pole inserted in the basin, fixed on the top of the circle to form a small funnel-shaped. Pruning and pruning in the same fan shape.

③ shawl, also known as umbrella-shaped, cultured a single trunk, resulting in an upright skeleton. The height of the main vine is generally 0.6-1m, with 3-4 fruit-bearing branches at the top and 6-8 new shoots, allowing it to droop naturally.

3.6 Control of diseases and insect pests

Because of its small area and small number of plants, Schisandra chinensis can be controlled by artificial control methods such as removing diseased leaves, diseased fruits and killing pests in time once individual plants suffer from diseases and insect pests. When diseases and insect pests occur seriously, spray control should be carried out in time, and the use of highly toxic and high residual pesticides is strictly prohibited to ensure the quality of Schisandra chinensis.