Cultivation techniques of Schisandra chinensis shelf noodles

Schisandra chinensis is also known as Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Liao Wuwei. Its fruit can also be used to make wine and juice in addition to medicine. It is a plant species for both medicine and food. With the increasing demand in recent years, relying on wild resources is far from enough to meet people's demand for raw materials of Schisandra chinensis. The quality of shelf noodle management has a great influence on the high yield, stable yield and quality of Schisandra chinensis.

The frame style of Schisandra chinensis

Schisandra chinensis is a perennial vine, whose branches are thin and soft, and need to grow upward around other supports clockwise, so it is necessary to set up a pole under the condition of artificial cultivation, so that Schisandra chinensis can maintain a certain tree shape, and the branches and leaves can be distributed reasonably in space. in order to obtain sufficient light and good ventilation conditions, and facilitate a series of field management operations in the garden. The cultivation of Schisandra chinensis is mainly based on a single-wall hedge (2 m × 1 m or 2 m × 0.70 m) with a height of 2 m and 5 railway lines horizontally to fix the pole. The main advantage of the rack is that it is beneficial to the ventilation and light transmission of the shelf surface, improve the fruit quality and reduce the diseases and insect pests.

Plastic surgery

(1) the vertical frame pole is often selected as bamboo pole, which is 2.0 to 2.2 meters long and 1.5 to 2.0 centimeters in diameter. Each plant has two poles, which are inserted on both sides of the plant, the distance between the rods is 35 centimeters when the plant distance is 70 centimeters, and when the plant distance is 1 meter, the distance between the rods is 50 centimeters. The embedded part can be impregnated with asphalt to prolong the service life, and the frame rod is fixed on the frame line with thin iron wire.

(2) Schisandra chinensis often adopts the non-trunk pruning method with tree shape as the main vine, that is, there are about 2 fixed main vines on each bamboo pole of the plant, and there are lateral vines, fruiting branches, fruiting branches and vegetative branches on the main vines. It takes 3 years for each tree to form a tree shape. In the process of shaping, special attention should be paid to the selection of the main vine, and branches with strong growth potential, full growth and full bud eyes should be selected as the main vine. To be strict in the number of main vines, too many main vines will cause tree weakness and branch group retention confusion.

Pruning of Schisandra chinensis

(1) Winter pruning, also known as dormant pruning, is carried out once in each development cycle. Schisandra chinensis has a long pruning period in winter, which can be pruned from 2 to 3 weeks after dormancy to one month before the onset of injury in the second year. Pruning is generally calculated from the obvious buds at the base of the new shoots, leaving 1 / 4 buds for short shoot pruning, including 1 / 2 buds or only basic buds for ultra-short shoot pruning, 5 / 7 buds for middle shoot pruning, more than 8 buds for long shoot pruning, and more than 15 buds for super long shoot pruning. Schisandra chinensis is mainly pruned by medium and long shoots, and long, medium and short shoots should be trimmed according to the situation on the same tree; when pruning, the shearing mouth is about 2 cm away from the bud eye and leaves no branches in the shelf 30 cm from the ground. Before the branches are covered with shelf surface, only the immature parts of the extended branches of the main vine are cut off; the pruning of the opposite side of the vine is mainly medium-long branches, with a spacing of 15cm to 20cm, and the foliage branches can be moderately thinned or not cut. In order to promote the germination of basal buds and facilitate the cultivation of reserve branches, short shoots and ultra-short shoots can also be pruned. The middle and long branches cut in the previous year should be retracted in time, and in order to appropriately increase the amount of buds retained, the result group should be cut, that is, two or more fruit units should be cut at the same position on the side branches. The elongated branches of the previous year should be renewed with robust branches because they bear too much fruit.

(2) in the summer shelf management, in the young stage of the plant, the selected main vine should be tied to the bamboo pole in time to promote its upward growth, and the side vine should be tied to the wire according to its position, so that it does not block the light from each other. In the growing season, many sprouting tillering branches will sprout, which cling to the shelf surface, causing the shelf surface to be closed, affecting ventilation and light transmission, so it is necessary to clean up the sprouting tillering branches to ensure normal ventilation and light transmission and reduce nutritional competition.

Problems in the management of Schisandra chinensis shelf noodles

1. There are too many main vines because the annual branches of Schisandra chinensis are relatively weak, so some growers do not have the heart to remove too much when selecting the main vines. As a result, due to the excessive number of main vines, the selection and retention of fruiting mother branches is chaotic, which is not conducive to cultivation and management. It is easy to cause tree weakness.

2. due to the large number of buds of Schisandra chinensis during winter cutting, the posterior branch group weakens seriously. if we do not pay attention to the timely retraction and renewal, the tree potential will be further weakened and the yield stability will be affected.

3. If we do not pay attention to the fruit-bearing mother branch in summer, Schisandra chinensis is mainly in the middle and long branch, because the load of the mother branch is large and often droop, which affects the ventilation and light transmission of the lower branch, so that the growth of the lower branch is not full, affecting the germination and flowering and fruiting of the next year. If we do not pay attention to this work for many years, the lower part of the plant will be bald and the yield will be significantly affected.