Techniques for cultivating improved varieties of Schisandra chinensis

Fructus schisandra is a kind of magnoliaceae plant. It is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. It has the functions of astringing lung, nourishing kidney, stopping sweating, stopping diarrhea and astringent essence. Fructus schisandra likes wet environment (but not low dust immersion), cold, need moderate shade, suitable humus soil or loose fertile loam. Adaptability is strong, our country north and south can be planted. Often wild in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, ravines, streams, small trees and shrubs or forest margins and open places in the forest.

Breeding method of improved seed:

1. Seed propagation. After autumn fruit harvest, remove the pulp washed seeds, dried storage. Before sowing, seed treatment should be carried out. The method is to soak seeds at room temperature for one day and night, mix them evenly with 3 times the amount of net river sand, and bury them in a cooler place. After 3~4 months, the seed crack exposes the radicle and can be sown. Seed germination can be promoted by soaking seeds in 100~200ppm gibberellin solution for 24~48 hours. Usually in late autumn or early spring seedling drilling, with a seed amount of about 5 kg per mu, covering 1.5 cm of soil, watering and covering grass, keep the soil moist. After emergence, remove the cover grass, set up shade, and maintain a small amount of sunlight. It can be planted in the early spring of the second or third year.

2. Multiply. Before early spring plants sprout, plant branches are partially buried in the soil and watered frequently to keep the soil moist. After the branches grow new roots, they are cut off from the plants in late autumn or the following spring for planting.

3. Cutting propagation. Before sprouting in early spring or in the rainy season after flowering, cut solid and robust branches, cut them into a section 12~15 cm long (the cut should be flat) and insert them obliquely into the seedbed, the row spacing is 12 cm, the plant spacing is 6~10 cm, then set up a shed for shade, and often water to promote rooting and survival, and set the value in the spring of the following year.

Field management techniques:

1. Colonization. There are two ways to plant schisandra chinensis: one is to use natural stent. That is to say, trees are used as scaffolds, and the trees selected as natural scaffolds are suitable for small leaves and less vigorous growth potential; second, artificial scaffolds are used. Artificial support can be planted according to the specifications of large row spacing of 1 meter, small row spacing of 60 cm and plant spacing of 50 cm. The row direction is north-south to facilitate ventilation and light transmission.

2. Integrated field management. Schizandra chinensis seedlings grow slowly, should pay attention to weeding, loose soil, and appropriate watering. After the second year, the support can be used for climbing branches, and attention should be paid to maintaining ventilation and light transmission to promote growth. In addition to planting when applying sufficient base fertilizer, every spring must be topdressing, topdressing can be applied manure or compost 1500~2500 kg per mu, calcium superphosphate 15~20 kg. In order to regulate plant nutrition and reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption, pruning is also needed. The method is: pruning season is after winter dormancy and before spring germination. The pruning method is to cut off all the branches except 3~4 thick branches for each plant, cut off short branches and over-dense medium fruit branches and long fruit branches, so as to increase the ability of ventilation and light transmission and improve the fruit yield.

3. Pest control. Leaf blight and leaf curl are common diseases and insect pests of schisandra chinensis. The disease starts from leaf tip and leaf edge, gradually develops to the whole leaf surface, making it yellow and fall off, serious ear drop off, or even no harvest at all. 1∶1∶100 Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed before or at the early stage of disease, once every 7~10 days, continuously sprayed several times; leaf rollers damage larvae and cause leaf rolls. 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times or 50% phosphorus amine emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times can be sprayed for control. That is, good control effect can be obtained.