Cultivation techniques of Schisandra chinensis under the forest

Schisandra chinensis is a perennial woody vine medicinal plant of Magnoliaceae. Schisandra chinensis has lung deficiency cough, thirst, spontaneous sweating, spermatorrhea, insomnia, diarrhea, hepatitis and other diseases, is a precious traditional Chinese medicine.

Schisandra chinensis was cultivated in the early 1990s, and Schisandra chinensis was introduced into the 852 Farm in 2003. After the full fruit period, the fresh fruit per hectare is 9000 kg, the dry fruit is 4.5 ∶ 1, the dried fruit is about 2000 kg, the output value is 60 ~ 80 000 yuan, and the economic value is very high, but the cost of one-time input is high, and it takes 3 to 5 years for the effect.

1. Cultivation methods of Schisandra chinensis under the forest.

1. Site selection: choose a gentle slope with good drainage and a topography of 5 to 15 degrees under the forest. Generally, the shady slope is conducive to the growth of seedlings, and the groundwater level is less than 1 meter. Because it has been growing in the same place for many years, the soil layer must be deep. The soil is slightly acidic or neutral. In the planting area, the frost-free period is more than 115days, the frost-free period is more than 10 ℃, and the accumulated temperature is more than 2300 ℃. Schisandra chinensis is cultivated artificially, and the road in the forest is planned after selection.

2. Adjust the light: light is an important part of the fast-growing and high-yield of Schisandra chinensis, so the woodland should be thinned, one is to cut down the overdense rattan shrubs, the other is to adjust the crown to make the canopy density reach about 0.3, but with the growth of Schisandra chinensis, it needs more and more light, and the trees grow vigorously after tending, so the crown should be adjusted every year.

3. Site preparation and hole expansion: first, remove the litter layer, remove the turf, and then expand the hole, time: mid-April in spring, when leaves turn yellow in September to October in autumn. According to the density of row spacing 120 × 50cm, the hole of 30~35cm diameter 30cm was dug, and the basal fertilizer was applied 1kg to 2kg in each hole.

4. seedling selection: after one year of seedling cultivation, the seedlings with strong, well-developed roots and no diseases and insect pests were selected for planting.

5. Planting method: plant a seedling to stretch the root system, lift the seedling, stand firm and irrigate when half of the soil is filled, seal the hole with soil after water infiltration, and cover the soil to a little higher than the rhizome. 15 days later, the seedlings were checked and planted in the spring of the second year. When the seedlings turned green, there were 2000 seedlings per mu.

2. Field management of Schisandra chinensis

1. Watering: Schisandra likes to be moist and should be irrigated frequently during germination, flowering, fruiting and fruit expansion. Stagnant water should be excluded in time in the rainy season. Irrigation once before overwintering is beneficial to overwintering.

2. Loosening soil and weeding: after planting, we should often loosen the soil and weed, the method is to clear the ditch to cultivate the soil, the first time is in mid-late May, when a large number of grasses occur, the second time is carried out in combination with topdressing from June to July, and the third time is carried out in August, and a good tree plate is made to facilitate irrigation.

3. Fertilization management: fertilizer has a great influence on tree growth, flowering and fruiting. Combined with loose soil irrigation, topdressing can be applied for 2 or 3 times, the first time in the leaf expansion stage, and the second time after flowering. Apply 2.5kg barnyard manure per plant, add 50g superphosphate, open a 15~20cm ring ditch at the distance from the root 30cm, apply barnyard manure and cover the soil.

4. Erection: in the second year after planting, the wooden stalk can be used as a pillar, one with a height of 4 to 6 meters, and the upper part of the ground is guaranteed to be about 2 meters. The distance between 60cm is drawn three horizontal coins at the top of the post with No. 8 iron line. Each main vine stands 1 or 2 wood stalks, 2.5 meters high, fixed with binding rope, right-handed vine on the shelf. For the land suitable for forest, the shrubs left in advance in Song Dynasty can be used as supports to reduce the cost.

5. Pest control: according to the situation, poison ear is used to trap and kill larvae to control the disease of Schisandra chinensis: (1) the root is irrigated with 50% carbendazim 500 times or 1000 times of carbendazim or smeared with stone-sulfur mixture. (2) for the prevention and control of leaf blight, 1 ∶ 1 ∶ Bordeaux solution was sprayed once every 7 days, and 50% topiramate 800 × 1000 times was sprayed at the initial stage of the disease, and the number of sprays depended on the condition.

It can be seen that Schisandra chinensis likes light and tolerates shade, but it needs moderate shade closure, loose and fertile soil, sufficient water, and deep soil layer is beneficial to root development.