Planting and management of Schisandra chinensis seedlings

The planting mode and management technology of Schisandra chinensis seedlings are directly related to the survival rate of seedlings and plant growth, and it is also an important basis for the early cultivation of Schisandra chinensis to achieve high and stable yield. In recent years, with the continuous development of Schisandra chinensis cultivation area, people have summed up some mature experience in Schisandra chinensis seedlings colonization and post-planting management techniques, which are briefly introduced as follows:

1 colonization and management of finished seedlings

1.1 colonization period

The finished seedlings of Schisandra chinensis can be planted in autumn or spring. Autumn planting is carried out before soil freezing, and spring planting can be carried out after the deep soil layer of 50cm is permeated below the surface.

1.2 planting of finished seedlings

1.2.1 Seedling flooding

When the seedlings are stored or transported from other places in winter, the water content is often insufficient. In order to facilitate the germination and rooting of seedlings, the whole plant should be soaked in clean water for 12 hours and 24 hours.

1.2.2 colonization

The seedlings were fixed before planting, leaving 4 or 5 full buds on the trunk, cutting off the underground transverse stems, cutting off the rotting roots and shrinking the overgrown roots.

1.2.2.1 dig planting holes (ditches) in the areas that have been deeply turned into mature areas, level out each row of planting belt, and dig planting holes according to the calibrated plant spacing. The implant hole is round, 40cm in diameter and 30cm in depth. If the distance between plants is relatively close, you can also dig planting ditches. When using hedge cultivation, the planting point should be on the projection line of the frame. In order to ensure the accuracy of plant planting, steel tape measure or cable with obvious mark (plant distance length) should be used.

1.2.2.2 each planting hole should be treated with high quality mature organic fertilizer 2.5kg. The fertilizer should first be mixed with the topsoil, and then half of it will be backfilled into the hole, the center of which is in the shape of a raised steamed bread, so that it is about 10cm from the ground level. Put the selected seedlings into the center of the hole, spread the root system around, break the remaining soil, bury it on the root, and shake gently so that the root system is in close contact with the soil. After filling and stepping on the soil, use the soil around the seedlings to make a round water plate with a diameter of 50cm, or make a wide 50cm irrigation ditch to pour water through. After the water seeps, rake the ridge of the water plate. The whole planting process from the beginning of the seedling to the end of burying the soil, pay attention to the careful operation, the root system of the seedling should not be exposed for a long time to prevent the root system from drying up and affecting the survival rate. Seedlings planted in autumn cultivate thick 20~30cm on the stem before winter, cover all the seedlings in the soil, and remove the mound after the beginning of spring. When planting in spring, the soil should also be covered after water seepage, so as to prevent the tree plate soil from drying and cracking and running away moisture.

1.3 Management in the year of planting

In the central and northern regions of Northeast China, the winter climate is cold, so the growth date suitable for the annual development cycle of Schisandra chinensis is very short, only about 150 days, and the frost-free period is only about 120 days. In addition, the root system of Schisandra chinensis seedlings is very underdeveloped, the branches are also thin and weak, and the growth is generally small in the first year of planting. Only by strengthening management can Schisandra seedlings have a larger growth and ensure a higher survival rate in the year of planting.

1.3.1 soil management

Although the soil management of Schisandra chinensis in the year of planting is relatively simple, it is very important. In order to ensure the vigorous growth of seedlings, clear ploughing should be carried out in the whole garden. The weeding was carried out for more than 5 times in the whole year to keep the soil loose and weed-free in the planting belt of Schisandra chinensis.

In one case, Schisandra chinensis planted in that year has a relatively slow growth period after germination, and some plants will cap at this period, mainly because the root system has not yet grown enough absorbed roots, and the plant mainly depends on the consumption of nutrients accumulated by itself. therefore, the growth of new shoots is slow. When the leaves grow to a certain extent, enough nutrients can be produced and transported to the plants and roots, so as to promote root growth. Urea or foliar fertilizer can be properly sprayed at this stage to promote leaf photosynthesis. By late May, the root system had sent out a large number of absorbed roots, and there was also a certain amount of nutrient accumulation in the plant; therefore, the upper shoots began to grow rapidly, and the capped shoots sprouted again into secondary shoots, which was a critical period for management, and fertilizer and water management should be strengthened. Urea or diammonium 5: 10g can be applied to each plant. In order to promote the full maturity of Schisandra chinensis branches, phosphate and potassium fertilizers can be applied in the early and middle of August, with 100g calcium superphosphate and 10g potassium sulfate per plant, or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves.

In case of drought and irrigation, special attention should be paid to drainage in the rainy season, and stagnant water must be eliminated in time, otherwise it is easy to cause seedling death.

1.3.2 Plant management

1.3.2.1 the growth of Schisandra chinensis in the year of planting is closely related to seedling quality and management measures. under the premise of ensuring seedling quality, plant management must be strengthened. Generally speaking, the new shoots can not be treated in the slow growth period after seedling germination, and when the new shoots begin to grow rapidly from late May to early June, when the length of the new shoots reaches about 50cm, according to different cultivation patterns, each plant can be selected to leave 1 or 2 strong main vines, which can be introduced to the shelf in time, and the support can be made of bamboo pole or polyethylene resin rope. For other new shoots, the method of coring can be taken to inhibit its growth, promote the production of nutrition and ensure the rapid growth of plants. When the growth of the plant is more than 2m, it is necessary to pick the heart in time to promote the branch maturity. If there is a secondary tip. It is necessary to remove overdense secondary shoots, generally keep the spacing between secondary shoots at 15~20cm, and coring at about the length of secondary shoots 30cm, so as to promote the growth and fullness of secondary shoots.

1.3.2.2 the seedlings of Schisandra chinensis rarely have insect pests and infectious diseases under general circumstances, but the inspection must be strengthened. Because the 1-year-old seedlings are weak, once diseases and insect pests occur, it will have a great impact on the growth of the plant. In particular, the observation of black spot and powdery mildew of Schisandra chinensis should be strengthened to prevent and cure it as soon as possible. Spraying 500 × 600 times of 50% mancozeb wettable powder, 1500 times of 10% high water dispersible granules or 4000 × 6 000 times of 25% EC of nitrile, once every 7 days and 3 times continuously, has a good control effect on black spot of Schisandra chinensis. It has a good control effect on powdery mildew by spraying 800-1000-fold solution of 25% thiophanate wettable powder or 800-1000-fold solution of methyl topiramate wettable powder once every 7 to 10 days and spraying 2 times continuously for 3 times.

2 colonization and management of green seedlings in the same year

Due to the shortage of finished seedlings or the need of replenishing seedlings, in recent years, people have explored the method of planting green seedlings in the same year to build a garden. this method has the advantages of short seedling delay time, high survival rate, good plant root system and strong growth potential in the second year, which is a good way to supplement the construction of finished seedlings.

2.1 planting period and seedling quality

In most areas of Liaoning and Jilin, it is generally planted in the early and middle of August. It is required that the seedlings have more than 10 leaves and the basal stem is thicker than 3.0mm. The seedling source had better be close to the planting site in order to reduce seedling water loss and root damage caused by transportation; if long-distance transportation is needed, attention should be paid to sunshade, moisturizing and cooling of seedlings during transportation, so as to plant as soon as possible.

2.2 Management after planting and colonization

The colonization of seedlings should be carried out in cloudy days, and after 14 ∶ 00 in sunny days, and the planting method is the same as that of finished seedlings. Green seedlings can grow for nearly 2 months from planting to early frost. during these 2 months, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management to make leaves produce more nutrients to supply plants and roots, and promote root growth and tree nutrition accumulation. In the early stage after planting, 1% 2% urea can be sprayed once a week, 1% 2 times continuously, and then 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate will be sprayed 2 times 3 times. In case of high temperature and drought, irrigation should be strengthened to keep the soil moist. Leave 3 or 5 full buds to dry before winter, and irrigate the plant once, then cultivate soil 20~30cm on the plant, cover all the plants in the soil, and remove the covered soil pile before sprouting in the next spring. Because there is no need to slow down the seedlings in the second year, urea or diammonium hydrogen phosphate can be applied to each plant before germination to promote plant growth as soon as possible. Other management is basically the same as the colonization of finished seedlings.