Growth habit and pruning of Schisandra chinensis

After the artificial cultivation of wild Schisandra chinensis in farmland, in order to control the tree potential, avoid excessive overlap of branches and leaves and twine each other, it should be pruned reasonably according to the growth habits of Schisandra chinensis. Make fruit branches evenly distributed on the shelf surface, ventilated and transparent, improve the field microclimate, enhance disease resistance, reduce nutrient consumption, promote flower bud differentiation and increase yield.

1. Flat head

The Schisandra chinensis sown in that year can grow to about 20 centimeters, and the high ones can reach more than 30 centimeters. Regardless of the height or size of the seedling, there should be 2 or 4 full buds at the base, with a length of about 0.5 cm. After transplanting, the basal buds germinate first and grow vigorously in spring, and most of them can form main vines. On the other hand, the upper buds are shrivelled and small, germinate late and grow weakly, so they generally cannot form main vines. Therefore, after transplanting, the upper stem should be cut off, leaving only 4-5 buds at the base to concentrate nutrients to promote the early growth and rapid development of the basal buds to form the main vine.

two。 Leave a vine

After flat head transplanting, the basal buds sprouted and developed leaves at the end of April and the beginning of May. The general rule is that the basal buds germinate early, grow fast, grow vigorously, grow strong, and form new shoots early. When the new tip grows to about 50 cm, choose two strong shoots as the main vine. The principle of choosing new shoots as the main vine is: first of all, we should choose the ones that are prosperous, and on the basis of them, we should choose the ones with low node position, and then break up the rest. This not only ensures the growth of the main vine, but also can concentrate nutrients to supply the main vine and promote the growth of the main vine.

3. Pick the heart

Schisandra chinensis after transplanting, good soil fertility, sufficient fertilizer and water, high level of management, the same year can grow to more than 2 meters. When the main vine grows to about 2 meters, control the tree potential, promote the main vine thickening, flower bud differentiation, in order to ensure the yield of the second year after planting. Do not pick the heart prematurely, avoid more male flowers and less female flowers, and reduce the yield. After coring, the growing plants can produce lateral branches from top to bottom and develop fruiting branches, which lays the foundation for entering the full fruit stage.

4. Tiller removal

The underground stem of Schisandra chinensis is stout and grows horizontally in the soil layer below 6 cm below the surface, and there are buds on each node. The roots of Schisandra chinensis, which are more than 2 years old, can sprout a lot of ground buds from the nodes of the underground stem. The upper buds in this area germinated more than 5 days earlier than the main stem in spring, and grew faster than the main stem, absorbing a lot of nutrients and water, affecting the growth of the main vine, cutting it off in time to avoid nutrient consumption and promoting the growth of the main vine and fruit branches. And can ensure that the main vine is well ventilated and the disease is mild.

5. Summer scissors

Schisandra chinensis is a monoecious plant. The distribution of male and female flowers on the plant is as follows: the lower part of the main vine and the lower part of the main vine have more male flowers and few female flowers. The lateral branches of the middle and upper part of the main vine, with more female flowers and fewer male flowers. On a lateral branch, there are more male flowers and fewer female flowers at the back end of the main vine. When pruning, no lateral branches are left at 30 cm from the ground, all cut off, reduce nutrient consumption, ensure ground ventilation, and promote the growth of middle and upper fruit branches.

In the first two years after transplanting, the fruit branches on the main vine should not be too dense, and the distance between the fruit branches should be about 10 cm. If the fruit branches are too dense, they should be cut off so that the fruit branches are arranged alternately on the main vine.

Many new shoots can be produced on the fruit branches every year. When the new shoots near the back end of the main stem grow to about 5 leaves, most of them cap and stop growing, and the new shoots at the front end are longer. Schisandra chinensis biennial branches bear fruit, it is necessary to cultivate a certain amount of branches in the same year. When the new shoot grew to about 15 cm in that year, a vigorous and pest-free shoot was selected at the middle and back end as the fruiting branch of the next year, and the rest were left with 5 leaves and 6 leaves to promote the growth of selected fruit branches. Pick the heart when the fruit branch grows to 40 cm to 45 cm, promote the flower bud differentiation on the fruit branch, when the fruit branches are intertwined with each other, they should be opened manually to avoid affecting flower bud differentiation and manual management due to winding.

6. Winter scissors

The time is from early November to late March of the following year. The sap of the tree was cut too late in winter, which affected the tree potential. The withered branches, weak branches, diseased branches and aboveground stems germinated from the roots should be cut off and the fruit branches that are too dense should be removed. In order to control the length of the fruit branch and avoid pruning in successive years, the fruit branch of the previous year was cut off 2 cm close to the first 2 cm of the fruit branch of the previous year, so that the fruit branch of the previous year was in the leading position. On a fruit branch, the male flower at the back end is more than the front end, and the front end of the female flower is more than the back end. The fruit branch should not be cut too short. The fruit branch of the next year should be left 30 cm from the base, and the front end should be cut off to ensure that there are enough flower buds to bear fruit in order to obtain the ideal yield.