Biological characteristics of Schisandra chinensis
1 Requirements for climatic conditions
Fructus schisandra likes damp and cool climate conditions. According to investigation, Fructus schisandra is mostly distributed at 600~1500 meters above sea level in Jilin Province and Liaoning Province, and more distributed at 600 ~ 1500 meters above sea level in our county. The annual average temperature in the distribution area is 3~7℃, the annual precipitation is 800~1200 mm, the frost-free period is 90~170 days, the annual average humidity is 65%~ 6 ~ 9%, and the rainy season is concentrated in June ~ September.
2 Requirements for soil conditions
Wild schisandra chinensis grows in slightly acidic humus soil, cultivated schisandra chinensis likes to grow in fertile sandy loam soil.
3 Requirements for lighting conditions
The light requirement of schisandra chinensis is different in different growth stages. Seedling stage and vegetative growth period, need to endure shade environment, when grow 5~6 leaves, need more abundant sunshine. During the fruiting period, more light and good ventilation and light transmission conditions are required. At this time, if excessive shade, will not be conducive to the fruit of schisandra. After investigation, wild schisandra generally grows in shady slope, semi-shady slope, sunny slope relatively less. There are more streams under the forest than on both sides of the forest edge. But when it was fruiting, it was found that the fruiting rate of schisandra chinensis on sunny slope was higher than that on shady slope, and the fruiting rate of schisandra chinensis on forest edge and stream bank was higher than that in forest. Therefore, the cultivation of schisandra chinensis must take into account this habit, when the fruit bearing period to increase the intensity of light.
4 Requirements for fertility
There is no definite experimental data about the fertility requirement of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, but the author investigated in Yichun and Jiamusi areas of Heilongjiang Province, and found that the soil in which wild Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis grows is mostly fertile forest dark brown soil with high fertility. Therefore, high fertility soil or appropriate fertilization should be considered when cultivating Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis.
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Fertilization technique of Schisandra chinensis
Scientific fertilization is the key to build a successful Schisandra chinensis garden. Schisandra chinensis is a perennial plant, which has to grow continuously within a limited range of nutrients for more than 10 years after planting. With the extension of cultivation years, the nutrition in the soil will gradually decrease, the distribution of underground transverse stems is huge, the growth is exuberant, and the nutrition consumption is more, so reasonable fertilization is very important for the growth of Schisandra chinensis. The methods and dosage of fertilization should pay attention to the following aspects. The root system of Schisandra chinensis was underdeveloped and the branches were weak in the year when Schisandra chinensis was transplanted. in order to promote the seedling and strive to see the fruit in the second year, it could be in 5.
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Ecological characteristics of Schisandra chinensis
1. Morphological features: Fructus Schisandrae is a deciduous woody vine of Magnoliaceae with soft and tough stems and right-handed winding on other trees and shrubs. It is up to 8 meters high and up to 15 meters high. The developed main root is not obvious, and the dense fibrous root contains a large number of stolons distributed in the shallow layer of the soil. Horizontal elongation is also called walking stem. There are nodes on the nodes and buds on the nodes, which produce hazy faces and grow out of the ground, forming new plants to expand the population. The old rattan bark of Schisandra chinensis is dark brown, the young stem is purplish red or light yellow, densely covered with round prominent lenticels, and the leaves are alternate. The leaves are 9 cm long and 2 cm wide.
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