Fruit reproduction of Schisandra chinensis

1. Seed treatment from the end of August to the middle of September, harvest the ripe fruit, rub the peel and pulp, bleach the shrunken grains, and leave them in a cool place to dry. In mid-and late December, soak the seeds in clean water for 3-4 days, change the water once a day, and then mix the wet seeds with clean fine river sand at the rate of 1:3. The humidity of the sand is usually controlled by the degree to which the sand is held tightly by hand without dripping (the absolute water content is about 40% 50%). Store it in a wooden box or flowerpot and keep the temperature at 0: 5 ℃. In northeast China, before the soil is frozen, we can dig a storage pit about 60 cm deep in the leeward and sunny place. the length and width of the pit depends on the number of seeds, and the seeds mixed with wet sand are put into the pit, covered with 10 cm of fine soil, and covered with crop straw for low temperature treatment, and the seeds are taken out to accelerate germination after thawing in the spring of the following year. The time required for stratification treatment or low temperature treatment of Schisandra chinensis seeds is generally 80-90 days. About half a month before sowing, the seeds are screened out from the stratified sand and germinated under the condition of 20-25 ℃. About 10 days, most of the seeds can be sown after the seed coat is cracked or exposed to the radicle. Schisandra chinensis seeds often carry a variety of pathogens, resulting in seed rot or seedling diseases during germination and after sowing. Therefore, it is very necessary to disinfect the seeds of Schisandra chinensis before accelerating germination or sowing. Soak the seeds with 0.2%-0.3% carbendazim of seed weight, sprouting or sowing immediately after mixing, or soak the seeds with 50% imidazolium 400~l000 or 70% mancozeb 1000 times for 2 hours, the effect is very good.

2. In order to cultivate excellent Schisandra chinensis seedlings, the nursery had better choose sandy soil with flat terrain, convenient water source, good drainage, loose and fertile land. The nursery land should be ploughed and raked fine before the soil freezes in autumn, with a ploughing depth of 25cm to 30cm. Combined with the application of basic fertilizer in autumn, rotten farm manure is applied for 4-5 meters per mu.

Direct sowing in open field can be carried out in spring (about mid-April in Jilin area) and autumn sowing (before soil freezing). Before sowing, beds can be made according to different soil conditions, low-lying plots prone to waterlogging, Rain Water can be made into a high bed, bed height] about 5 cm. Plots with high dryness and drought and less Rain Water can be made into flat beds. Either way, there should be a loose soil layer of more than 15 meters thick, and the bed is 1.2 meters wide. the length of the bed depends on the terrain. Rake fine bed soil to remove impurities, cuddle flat bed surface and sow seeds. The strip sowing method is used for sowing, that is, a shallow trench with a depth of 2 cm is opened at a row spacing of 20 cm to 25 cm on the bed surface. The amount of seeds used per mu is 5: 8 dingg, and the sowing rate is about 10: 15 grams per square meter. Cover 1.5 cm to 2.0 cm thick fine soil, compact the soil and water thoroughly. Cover the bed with a layer of straw, pine needles or straw curtains with a thickness of about 1.0 cm, which can maintain soil moisture without affecting the rise of soil temperature. In order to prevent blight and other soil infectious diseases, 50% carbendazim wettable powder was sprayed 500 times in combination with watering after sowing and covering soil.

When the emergence rate reaches 509 ppm 670%, remove the mulch and immediately set up a simple awning, and remove the shade when the seedlings grow to 2 or 3 true leaves. Weeding and loosening the soil at the seedling stage should be carried out when the seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves, and the plant spacing should be kept at about 5 cm. Topdressing was carried out twice at the seedling stage, the first one was carried out when the sunshade was removed, the trenches were opened between the rows of the seedlings, 20 grams of ammonium nitrate and 5 grams of potassium sulfate were applied per square meter, and the second topdressing was carried out when the seedling height was about 10 centimeters. 30 grams of diammonium phosphate and 6 grams of potassium sulfate were applied per square meter, and the watering times were increased to facilitate the growth of seedlings after fertilization. In the middle of August, when the seedling growth height reaches 30 cm, it is necessary to pick the heart in time to promote the thicker growth of seedlings and cultivate strong seedlings. In the process of cultivation, attention should be paid to the occurrence of powdery mildew. When powdery mildew is found, 25% wettable powder 800~l000 solution, methyl topiramate wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid or powder Ansheng 70% wettable powder 1500-2000 times liquid can be used for prevention and control.

Under the premise that other management measures are the same, shading facilities may not be set up after the mulch is removed. After the seedlings are unearthed, the conventional shading will be changed to 10: 00 / 12: 00 in the morning, and intermittent spray with sprinkler irrigation equipment in the afternoon before 2 / 3 true leaves will grow. This will not only save the cost of shading equipment, but also significantly improve the seedling rate and seedling quality.

(3) in the case of shortage of finished seedlings, the method of sowing and cultivating nutritious bowl seedlings in advance in protected areas and then transplanting them directly into the cultivation garden can achieve the purpose of establishing the garden in the same year.

Sowing and post-sowing management: plastic greenhouses are buckled from late March to early April in Jilin area, using plastic nutrition bowls with specifications of 6 cm × 6 cm, 7 cm × 7 cm or 8 cm × 8 cm. The formula of nutritious soil is: farm manure (mature): fine river sand: humus soil-5:25:75, and add diammonium phosphate (ground powder) according to 0.3%. Water the nutrient soil in the nutrition bowl before sowing. Sow 3-4 grains in each nutrition bowl and cover the soil 2 cm thick. After sowing, combined with watering, spray 8001000 times 50% Dysen, ammonium water agent.

Proper humidity should be maintained after sowing, usually watering once every 2-3 days. When the temperature is above 30oc, the seedlings should be ventilated and cooled. The seedlings with soil can be moved into the cultivation garden in the middle and late June.