Light cultivation techniques of Lentinus edodes with substitute material

Since 1990s, the successful cultivation technology of substitute mushroom researched by Qingyuan County Edible Fungi Research Center has been rapidly popularized and applied to the whole country, which has made great contribution to poverty alleviation and prosperity in rural areas and the transformation of mushroom production from quantitative type to quality type. However, in the production of substitute mushroom, the production of mushroom rod sterilization, inoculation operation, manual bag cutting and other procedures require a large amount of labor, and the low yield of mushroom rod, irregular mushroom, deformed mushroom body and other problems have been restricting the development of mushroom production, especially for intensive production. For this reason, our center has carried out many years of research on the cultivation techniques of low-cost, high-yield and high-quality substitute mushroom, completed four key technical improvements, and summarized and formed a set of light cultivation techniques of substitute mushroom. The technique is improved as follows.

1. Sterilization technology of raw materials

Before inoculation, the mushroom segments of substitute materials should be heated and sterilized at 98~100℃ for more than 12 hours. Conventional sterilization requires continuous operation for 30~40h, and the labor intensity of mushroom farmers is high. Even so, due to the uneven temperature in the sterilization oven, incomplete sterilization often occurs, which affects the economic benefit of cultivating mushroom. The sterilization technology of half-cooked materials uses nontoxic sterilizing agent "Ke Mei Wang", organically combines physical sterilization and chemical sterilization, can completely sterilize in the medium temperature region of 60~80℃, the sterilization energy consumption and sterilization time are reduced by more than 50%, the growth speed, hypha competitiveness and survival rate have been greatly improved, and its application effect is very remarkable. It has been widely popularized and applied in the whole country.

To produce 1000 bags of mushroom segments (15cm×55cm bags), i.e. 0.85 t dry culture medium, 4kg of new generation "Ke Mei Wang" powder was added. First, the powder of "Ke Mei Wang" is uniformly dissolved in water, and then mixed into liquid medicine, and then the liquid medicine is added to the culture medium and stirred repeatedly to make it uniform. You can also use the method of mixing dry materials: first add the "Ke Mei Wang" powder and gypsum directly to the bran and mix it evenly, then mix the bran containing the medicament with sawdust, and finally add water to mix it repeatedly, but this method of mixing dry materials must completely crush the agglomerated powder before use. The key to this process is to mix the culture medium well so that all cultures contain the same concentration of pharmaceutical ingredients. If there is cottonseed hull component in the culture medium, the cottonseed hull should be pre-soaked with the prepared solution first, and then mixed with other culture medium. After mixing the culture materials, bag them in time, heat them up and sterilize them. Bag them according to the routine operation. The temperature of sterilization of half-cooked materials should be controlled: if the material temperature in the lowest temperature zone in the stove reaches 80℃ or above, it can be kept for 4~6 hours, then cease fire, and then take out of the stove for more than 12 hours by using the waste heat in the stove.

The advantages of the half-cooked material sterilization technology: ① Avoid the most difficult heating process of 80~100℃, save labor and time, save fuel: Compared with the conventional method, the sterilization time is shortened by half, and the fuel is saved by more than 50%.② Improve the survival rate: the finished product rate of bacteria bag can reach 95%~100% stably. 3. Good fruiting performance: The results of experiment and production application showed that it was basically the same as or slightly increased with the conventional method, and the single fruiting weight increased obviously.

2. Application technology of mushroom capsule strain

Lentinus edodes capsule strain is a new type of strain suitable for inoculation of substitute bacteria rod, which is successfully developed on the basis of advanced wood inoculation technology in Japan and Korea and combined with the actual production in China. Each strain has 600 conical strains. The design is scientific, the standard is standardized, and the transportation, storage and inoculation are very convenient. in particular, that strain is in a fixed shape, the seed are extremely convenient to take, the air contact time is short, the pollution opportunity is few, the hyphae are not damaged during the inoculation operation, the material can be directly eaten, and the culture medium is preferentially occupied; With its own sealing and ventilating cover, it can not only prevent the infection of miscellaneous bacteria, but also keep the moisture of seed block and promote the growth of mycelium. The finished product rate is generally higher than that of traditional strains by 5%~10%, the inoculation speed is fast, the work efficiency is improved by 1~2 times, the consumption of raw materials for strain production is reduced by more than 80%, and the quality and yield of mushroom produced are no different from those of traditional strains.

Operation requirements: ① bagging should be tight.② During cooling process, it is necessary to prevent dust pollution on the surface of the bacterial rod.③ Cooling and inoculation can be carried out in the same room. The room shall be clean and dust-free, and the air shall not flow.④ Disinfect the bacteria stick by aerosol before inoculation. Do not put the bacteria into the disinfection space during disinfection. Before inoculation, the operator's hands, the strain honeycomb plate and the special punching rod for inoculation should be wiped and disinfected with "inoculation spirit" or 70%~75% medicinal alcohol. 6. After drilling holes, immediately insert strains, and expose strains and holes in space for as short as possible. Keep the punch stick in your hand and don't put it anywhere. 7. When taking seeds, gently press the strain ventilation cover with the index finger of the right hand, hold up the index finger of the left hand from the bottom, then gently pinch the seed cover with the thumb and index finger of the right hand to take out the seeds, quickly insert them into the inoculation hole of the bacteria stick, and gently press the cover to seal them with the surface of the tube bag. Be careful not to touch the following parts of the culture with your hands. After inoculation, cover the bag well, and the bag mouth need not be tightened. After 6~8cm of bacteria, the first puncture hole deflation is carried out, because the capsule strain is more sealed than the conventional strain, it should be more timely than the conventional strain, and the number of puncture holes should be appropriately increased.

3 Open vaccination techniques

Conventional mushroom inoculation mainly uses inoculation box, which is slow, time-consuming and low survival rate. Our center summarizes the valuable experience of the majority of mushroom farmers and introduces open inoculation technology through careful research.

Key points of operation: ① Clean the site where the bacteria stick will be stacked before the bacteria stick comes out of the stove to minimize the pollution source.② After sterilization, the bacteria rods are stacked tightly and horizontally into a wall type. The height of the wall-type bacteria pile shall not exceed 1.2m. The length and distance between walls shall be determined according to the stacking site. Cover the fungus pile with plastic film in time to prevent dust and spores from falling.③ Disinfect the bacterial stick with aerosol disinfectant before inoculation. Use 4 boxes (40g each box) of disinfectant for 1000 bags of mushroom bacterial segment (15cm×55cm bags), and the disinfection time shall not be less than 2h.④ During inoculation, one person takes out the bacterial stick from the plastic film and brushes the inoculation spirit, one person punches and one person puts seeds. 5. When inoculating, coat the part to be inoculated with cotton with "Inoculating Spirit" liquid medicine, the width of the coated part is about 5cm, and then punch and inoculate before the liquid medicine is not dry. Do not apply too much liquid medicine to avoid the liquid medicine flowing into the inoculation hole. After inoculation, other operation procedures are the same as those of routine.

Open inoculation of capsule strains: as long as the inoculation spirit is used to rub and disinfect the strain tray, inoculation equipment, hands of inoculation personnel and inoculation parts of the inoculation rod, in a relatively clean environment, aerosol disinfection can even be avoided and direct full open inoculation can be carried out.

4. Techniques for Mushroom Production without Cutting Bag

In the cultivation process of mushroom, manual bag cutting is the most complicated process, which consumes a lot of labor and is easy to cause deformity of mushroom body. The bacteria stick water-retaining technology avoids the complicated process of manual bag cutting, paints a water-retaining agent after removing the bag bacteria stick, condenses a layer of water-retaining film layer, and the flower mushroom grows naturally. It has the characteristics of labor saving, good mushroom shape, excellent mushroom quality, high flower mushroom rate, water retention, convenient operation, no toxic side effect on human body and mushroom body, etc. The main technical points of mushroom production without cutting bag are as follows:

4.1 Selection of bacterial sticks ① Choose Qingyuan 9015, Qingke 20, 939, 135 and other main cultivated varieties of flower mushroom;② Select bacterial sticks without miscellaneous bacteria, mildew, normal color conversion and physiological maturity of hyphae;③ The water content of bacterial sticks is moderate, and the light bacterial sticks should be supplemented with water before painting water retention agent.

4.2 Brush time 1 week before the first or second tide mushroom, mushroom bud has not yet grown (select the weather period with lower temperature and higher humidity). If there is a small amount of mushroom bud should be removed after painting, do not directly paint the water retention agent on the mushroom bud.

4.3 Brush method: Mushroom water retaining agent has two kinds of solid or liquid products. The solid water retaining agent is heated and completely melted before use. The liquid water retaining agent is directly used after stirring with a stick. When using, the bacteria stick is removed from the bag and soaked for 0.5s or evenly coated on the bacteria stick with a paint brush.

4.4 Mushroom management using water retention agent bacteria stick must grasp the "moisturizing bud mushroom" and "moisturizing rest bacteria" management link. After coating with water retention agent, it is the key to avoid hardening of mushroom skin. Except for the need to strengthen ventilation and flower promotion after the mushroom bud grows to 2cm, the rest of the time should not be too ventilated.① Humidification and bud promotion: It is required to cover the greenhouse film or cover the film on the mushroom stick frequently to prevent the surface of the mushroom stick from drying, which is beneficial to the growth of mushroom buds. When the relative humidity of dry air in the greenhouse is low, spray clean water to the mushroom stick to keep the moisture content of the mushroom stick moderate and maintain the relative humidity of 85% in the mushroom shed.② Moisturizing rest and bacteria cultivation: cover the film to moisturize the mushroom tide interval (bacteria cultivation period), humidify the mushroom bud after 8 days, and replenish water in time when the bacteria stick is light. (3) When the mushroom bud grows to more than 2 cm, the film is removed and ventilated to form a flower mushroom.