Eight Prevention measures of bag material Lentinus edodes safe over Summer

According to the investigation and analysis of the over-summer problem of bag material Lentinus edodes cultivation in Xixia for more than ten years, we summed up a set of bag material Lentinus edodes safe summer prevention measures, which are introduced below for reference.

1. Anti-bacterial species containing miscellaneous bacteria

There are many factors in the bacteria, such as incomplete sterilization of the culture material, not strict disinfection of the inoculation link, bacteria brought into the inoculation operation, air squeeze in the cotton plug, strain transport, respiration or injury, access to miscellaneous bacteria and other reasons for production, will be latent and incalculable losses.

1.1 observation of Lentinus edodes mycelium latent bacteria in long-term seed production and cultivation management, it was found that Lentinus edodes hyphae could pass through intuitive bacteria such as long hair, actinomycetes and Aspergillus flavus in suitable temperature culture, while the hyphae cultured in less than 20 ℃ could continue to grow through common bacteria such as Penicillium, light green mold, and had been covered by Lentinus edodes hyphae. It is difficult to distinguish them from pure bacteria without careful observation. When the miscellaneous bacteria of this kind of bacteria are added to the fresh culture material, the activity will be restored under the condition of more than 20 ℃. If the high temperature is above 33 ℃ and the mycelium growth of Lentinus edodes stagnates, they begin to spread rapidly, which can destroy the Lentinus edodes stick in a short time.

1.2 the cultivation process of bacteria without miscellaneous bacteria should have temperature control and constant temperature conditions. if there are no conditions for cultivating bacteria, when purchasing seeds from large professional scientific research institutions and strain production units, the purity of bacteria in the later growth stage can be roughly distinguished by selecting bacteria that do not grow to the end. When using bottle or bag bacteria, remove the old bacteria on the surface that are 1cm to 2cm thick. The strains cultured at low temperature, especially those inoculated with central drilling, should be selected more carefully.

two。 Prevent the mixing material from getting too wet

According to the common cultivation techniques of Lentinus edodes, the ratio of material to water is 1 ∶ 1.2. if the water content of the raw material dried in the sun is 15%, the moisture content of the culture material is (1Mel 0.15) ∶ (1.2 ~ 0.15) ≈ 63%. After more than ten years of large-scale effect, it is best to control the moisture content at 50% to 55%.

The main reason why the skin of Lentinus edodes planted in spring is too thick or the moisture content is too high is that the water content of the mixture is too high. The practical operation to solve this problem is to add water to the material. That is, add the mixed raw material to the new cultivation bag, gently press it with your hand, gently shake off the raw material, there is no watermark on the bag film, there are a small amount of raw material, and one shake is clean, which is suitable for water content. Among them, no raw material on the bag film is dry, and the watermark or culture material is wet. According to the cultivation bag mixed with the above materials, the surface changed to the color of tea brown and white spots, and the effect of mushroom production was stable after summer.

3. Anti-bacterial rod latent bacteria

If the stick lurks germs, it can cause devastating damage during the summer high temperature. The prevention and control measures are as follows.

From synthesis to ignition and sterilization the day before bagging, the traditional raw materials are required to "mix the material on the same day, bag on the same day, and burn fiercely on the same day", so that the miscellaneous bacterial spores in the culture material do not germinate and are not easy to kill in 100℃ steam. For example, the spores of Neurospora can withstand 130 ℃ high temperature under dry heat conditions, and it takes 6 hours to germinate hyphae under 30 ℃ conditions. However, the temperature in spring cultivation is about 15 ℃, or even lower, if the spores of miscellaneous bacteria are not germinated and are not easy to be killed by steam after bagging on the same day. Long-term practice has proved that by mixing the material one day in advance, the sawdust can fully absorb moisture and germinate in the heat of the material pile, and the sterilization effect is thorough and stable.

3.2 Sterilization bag material closed cooling bag material opened 2-4 hours after sterilization, when the bag material temperature was kept above 80 ℃, moved to a fully closed cooling room hoisted with 8 cm plastic cylinder material, and ignited aerosol disinfectant closed cooling for 3-4 days, it could effectively prevent bacteria in the natural air and adsorption of miscellaneous bacteria by dust attached to the bag surface, and introduce miscellaneous bacteria before inoculation.

Aseptic inoculation in 2004 through the investigation and comparison of Lentinus edodes bags in Kaifeng area since 1999, it was found that the finished bag materials inoculated in large rooms showed soft rot in a continuous 35 ℃ environment, and it was confirmed that open inoculation was the main reason for the difficulty in oversummer. Only in a well-sealed inoculation box, inoculated according to aseptic operation, can we obtain a stable growth rate, pass the summer safely and cultivate excellent bacterial sticks.

3.4 temperature-limiting piercing is an important measure to promote mycelium growth. The main points of the piercing hole: first, the position of each piercing hole is limited to 2 cm within the outer edge of the mycelium of Lentinus edodes, with a depth of 1 cm, and a fixed length puncture hole is used to prevent the fresh culture material from being pierced and infected with miscellaneous bacteria. Second, the temperature is more than 28 ℃ does not pierce the hole, to prevent the bacterial stick from heating up to cause burning bacteria or infection of miscellaneous bacteria. Third, do not pierce the hole in the wax seal, not in the tumor, not in the empty part of the bag membrane.

4. Anti-high temperature burning bacteria

The mycelium growth temperature of Lentinus edodes was 5: 32 ℃, and the optimum growth was 24: 27 ℃. The mycelium grew poorly under 10 ℃ or above 32 ℃, and stopped growing at 35 ℃. The mycelium in the mushroom wood survived after 20 hours at 40 ℃ and died quickly at 45-55 ℃. When you put the stick in the sun at a temperature of 35 ℃, you can measure that the temperature in the bag is about 55 ℃. For example, if the temperature measurement at the height of 30 ℃ under the sunshade net of 35 ℃ temperature is 10: 30 ℃ higher than the natural temperature, it will appropriately raise the shade shed and spray water to cool down during the temperature adjustment period.

4.1 the mushroom shed is tightly shaded by branches or black net, all of which should block the direct light, the tuyere can be opened on the back, the ventilation can be maintained throughout the day, and the whole shed can be ventilated in the evening and night. If you build a shed in the bamboo forest to prevent sunlight from passing through the light column to sweep the bacteria bag, resulting in burning bacteria.

4.2 after self-heating and burning bacteria piercing, the internal temperature of the rod is 1 / 2 ℃ higher than that of the surface. When the temperature of the culture environment is higher than 26 ℃, the stack of bacterial sticks should not exceed 4 layers, and keep ventilated every day. After putting the bacterial stick in the atmosphere, it is necessary to put a single layer on the mushroom rack to prevent self-heating and burning bacteria. If the daily temperature exceeds 25 ℃, the temperature should be detected in time and the shed should be opened for ventilation.

5. Poor ventilation prevention

Poor ventilation can lead to color conversion and thickening of bacterial rods and lack of dehydration. The key point is that the shed site should facilitate ventilation and maintain a 1-meter-wide ventilation duct around the shed. The top sunshade net and greenhouse film should be kept above 0.5 meters.

6. Anti-bacterial species hole-infected miscellaneous bacteria

Spring-planted Lentinus edodes stick access to the bacteria, due to mycelium aging, loss of anti-impurity ability, improper operation or management is easy to infect bacteria.

6.1 if the bag is too soft, the film of the soft bag is loose, and the paraffin seal after inoculation is easy to crack or fall off to contact the air.

6.2 the wax seal is too thick when the wax temperature is too low, the wax seal is thick and not strict, and the wax surface is easy to crack or inhale air from the hole in the process of moving the bag. The temperature of wax melting should be adjusted in time to keep the surface of wax-sealed bacteria thin and tight. Among them, the sealing wax on the bacteria foam is overheated, easy to burn the bacteria; put on the bacteria surface is not smooth, the temperature is on the low side.

6.3 during the operation of anti-stabbing bacteria, such as piercing holes, increasing oxygen and releasing atmospheric moisture, it is necessary to avoid stabbing bacteria holes, let alone piercing holes in bacteria holes to prevent inhalation of air or contact with Rain Water.

6.4. during the summer when the bacteria stick on the mushroom rack is used to prevent Rain Water from entering the bacteria hole, there should be a greenhouse film on the shed to protect against rain. The hole surface of the bacterial stick without greenhouse film is suitable to be placed upward or sideways.

7. Prevent the mushroom from being attacked by the cold spell

The varieties of Lentinus edodes with bag materials planted in spring in autumn and winter are mainly at the middle and bottom temperature. The Beginning of Summer has entered a period of color conversion before and after inoculation from February to March, and the stimulation of a cold current of about 15 ℃ in spring and summer may lead to the emergence of bacteria sticks.

Prevention and control measures, first, close the mushroom shed before and after the arrival of the cold spell, alleviate the temperature difference stimulation, and prevent touching the bacterial stick during the cold spell. Second, if there is a mushroom stick, it can be managed and harvested according to the normal method of cutting the film and cultivating buds to prevent the mushroom buds from suffocating in the bag membrane and causing miscellaneous bacteria infection.

8. Poor dehydration of anti-bacterial rods

It is a common phenomenon that it is difficult to produce mushrooms because of the high water content (the dehydration rate is less than 10%). It is confirmed by the comparison of several same varieties, the reasons affecting the poor dehydration are as follows: uneven mixing material, too much water in the culture material, overloading of the bacterial stick, less than 40 holes in the hole and release in the atmosphere, poor ventilation around the mushroom shed, long-term overcast and rain in summer and autumn, and so on. According to the above technical requirements, the operation and management can reduce the weight of bacterial rods by 20% and 40% compared with that of cultivation, and take mushroom-promoting measures according to different moisture content, such as bumping sticks, water injection, regular water immersion and so on. For the mushroom sticks that are particularly difficult to produce mushrooms, you can try to close the mushroom shed and ignite an appropriate amount of diesel (kerosene) to accelerate the mushroom consumption.