Common physiological diseases of Lentinus edodes with bag material

Physiological disease, also known as non-infectious disease, is a phenomenon of poor growth caused by unsuitable growth conditions or the influence of harmful substances in the environment. Although this disease has no pathogen and will not be transmitted to each other, it will cause heavy losses once it occurs. The most common physiological diseases of Lentinus edodes in Chunhua bag in Shaanxi Province are mycelium desalination, burning bacteria (stuffy pile), yellow water, decay and deformed mushroom and so on.

1 mycelium desalination

1.1 symptoms: mycelium growth is sparse and rods are soft and inelastic.

Etiology: mildew has occurred in the culture material before ① sterilization, the high concentration of antibiotics released by miscellaneous bacteria or the activity of miscellaneous bacteria changed the pH value of the culture material; the selection of ② culture material is not suitable, such as the selection of undegreased coniferous tree shavings leading to high concentration of oil and terpenes, inhibition of Lentinus edodes mycelium growth; excessive addition of magnesium sulfate and other chemicals in ③; ④ lacks some necessary nutritional elements.

1.3 Prevention: select fresh and high-quality culture materials, adopt reasonable formula, do not add chemicals at will; sterilize strictly in time after mixing materials to prevent yeast fermentation and change the pH value of culture materials.

2 Burning bacteria (stuffy pile)

2.1 symptoms: fever, acidity and mycelium death of the culture medium. It is easy to occur in the initial stage of bacteria and during the period of piercing and oxygenation.

2.2 etiology: the respiratory process of Lentinus edodes mycelium consumes oxygen and releases heat. Under the condition of high density stacking and poor ventilation, the heat released is accumulated, the material temperature increases, and the increase of temperature accelerates metabolism. thus entering a vicious cycle, piercing and oxygenation accelerated the cycle. When the temperature of the material rises above 33 ℃ and the oxygen supply exceeds the demand, the weak fungus on the surface or inside the strain-yeast rises to the dominant fungus in the anaerobic state, and the culture material is fermented and acidified quickly, and the mycelium of Lentinus edodes dies quickly.

2.3 Prevention: timely stacking, sparse discharge of bacterial sticks, batch piercing, strengthening ventilation.

3 bacteria stick yellow water

3.1 symptoms: the tumor could not be dried and shrunk normally, but dissolved into brown soy sauce, the overflow of yellow juice rotted from the surface to the inside, and all kinds of miscellaneous bacteria were mixed in the affected part finally.

3.2 etiology: the hyphae in the tumor dissolve into soy sauce under adverse environmental conditions such as high temperature or mechanical damage. The humidity and nutrients of yellow juice are beneficial to the reproduction of Penicillium or bacteria and cause infectious diseases.

Prevention: ① selected varieties with strong stress resistance, such as V26 and V29. ② sticks should be stacked in a cool, ventilated place. ③ piercing and oxygenating temperature should be controlled at 20 ℃ 25 min, gently handle, prick and put lightly to avoid stabbing bacteria tumor. ④ uses a syringe to remove the yellow juice to reduce the humidity in the bag. If ⑤ is seriously harmful, the barrel bag should be removed, the humus should be removed, the bacterial stick should be soaked in 0.05% carbendazim solution for 1min (minutes), drained, re-bagged and re-pierced.

4 decay of bacterial rods

4.1 symptoms: the skin is hard, the mycelium inside the rod is short and without luster, and the culture material is loose in the presence of water. After the first tide of mushrooms, the stick could not contract normally, and there was no yield after that. This symptom is more likely to occur in the bag-free management of Lentinus edodes sticks.

4.2 etiology: poor culture materials, bad climate or poor management caused poor mycelium growth, residual and short hyphae, loss of adhesive culture materials and the ability to kink into fungal cords and primordia.

4.3Prophylaxis: ① selected varieties with strong stress resistance. ② chooses high-quality culture materials, especially insist on using gypsum instead of calcium carbonate, and avoid using inferior wheat bran adulterated with calcium carbonate. ③ should strengthen the management in the later stage. After the bacteria stick enters the shed, shading, ventilation and heat dissipation should be strengthened in hot weather to prevent bacteria burning in the later stage.

5 abnormal mushroom

5.1 symptoms: the mushroom body is abnormal, mainly manifested as stalk without cover, mushroom stalk too thick or mushroom lid deformity and so on.

5.2 etiology: except for some genetic reasons, Pleurotus ostreatus is mainly caused by the deep formation of primordium and a large amount of nutrients are consumed by the growth of mushroom stalk or the high temperature during bag removal. The concentration of harmful gases such as CO2 is too high, or the mushroom is not produced in time by cutting bags, resulting in mechanical extrusion, which is the main reason for the deformity of mushroom lid.

Prevention: ① chooses the strain which has been strictly tested to produce mushroom and keeps good seed character. For the distribution and orientation of ② mushroom shed, the convenience of ventilation should be fully considered, and ventilation should be strengthened in management. The acceleration of the first tide mushroom in ③ should depend on the variety and the water content of the stick. The varieties that are easy to produce mushrooms should produce mushrooms naturally and there is no need to promote budding. Varieties that are not easy to produce mushrooms or sticks with insufficient water content should be soaked in water to soften the skin to facilitate the emergence of mushrooms, instead of water injection. The stick which is not easy to produce mushrooms but contains enough water can be combined with the last piercing to increase oxygen to achieve the effect of promoting buds. The time of unbagging of ④ mushroom should be carried out when the air temperature is lower than 16 ℃ for 3 consecutive days.