Rapid forming method of ornamental fruit bonsai

At present, with the increasing improvement of people's living standards, fruit tree bonsai, which is not only fruit, shape, but also pile, is more and more favored by people. However, due to the long time and complex technology of cultivating fruit trees, it is often daunting. According to the author's practice for many years, it takes 2 - 3 years to cultivate and form. They are described as follows:

1. Selection of containers

The container is most suitable for fine plain burning basin, which needs water permeability and good air permeability to ensure the oxygen requirements of root growth and prevent rotten roots caused by water accumulation in the container. Generally round, so that the roots spread evenly around.

2. grafting

One is split. Select the branch group (with 2 - 4 branches) that has been sheared and thinned in winter as scion. Rootstock can be grafted not survive or other dwarf robust stock. Grafting takes place one month before sap flow. Method: Cut the scion into smooth plane at the center of the smooth incision of rootstock, about 3 - 4 cm deep, cut the scion into smooth plane at the lower side, 2-3 cm long, insert the scion into the cambium of rootstock, then wrap it tightly with plastic belt and rope from bottom to top, and put it into pot or put it into pot after one year of cultivation. When planting, use soil to bury the interface moisture, do not move.

The second is root connection. Before and after the clearing. To choose a strong, resistant rootstock, scion with thick stake or well-shaped branch group. Method: 2- 4 rootstocks can be connected by inserting skin tongue.

3. soil, fertilizer and water management

Pot soil: According to the different requirements of fruit trees for soil nutrients, prepare the nutrient soil rich in humus required by the fruit trees. The culture soil should be disinfected before use, such as baking disinfection or medicine (sprinkling) 1. 5% formalin) disinfection, etc.

Base fertilizer: base fertilizer should be organic fertilizer, reasonable fertilizer, when mixing hot organic fertilizer on the pot.

Topdressing: apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer once before flowering, with appropriate amount of phosphorus fertilizer, about 1 kg of fertilizer water per plant; after flowering, apply topdressing outside roots, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% urea, spray once every 15 days, spray 3~4 times; apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer one month before fruit harvest, and apply 60 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate per pot.

Watering: after each topdressing, water should be poured thoroughly once; in flowering and young fruit period, it is necessary to prevent physiological flower and fruit drop caused by excessive humidity; flower bud differentiation period and fruit ripening period, water should not be too much, should be slightly dry; in fruit expansion period, basin soil should not be too dry or too wet. Dormancy period should be strictly controlled watering, pot soil but dry for the degree.

Pour basin: Because the nutrients in the basin soil are washed away in frequent watering, it is necessary to pour the basin in time every 2 years and replace the new nutrient soil.

4. crown shaping

Spraying: In the growth period of fruit trees, the leaves are resistant to spraying plant growth retardants (such as paclobutrazol, b9, chlormequat, etc.)2 to 3 times, which can make the branches thick, internodes shorter and plants dwarf.

Select the tree shape of tree fruit bonsai, according to the different requirements of tree species and varieties, such as verticality and drooping, shape the tree shape with rich imagination, such as double-branch antler shape, three-branch cup shape, single-branch cliff shape, dragon curve shape, weeping willow shape, etc. Plastic pruning in summer, to timely pick the core, wipe buds, pull branches, twist shoots, etc., coordinate the nutrient supply of branches and fruits, promote flower bud differentiation. The ideal tree shape can be obtained by increasing the light intensity through opening branch angle, thinning excessive long branches, dense branches and ineffective branches. After grafting survives normal growth, in order to enhance the aging of bonsai, grafting knife can be used to carve several curves on the trunk. In the growing season, iron wires can be wrapped around the branches of fruit trees to fix the desired tree shape.

5. flower and fruit management

When the number of flower buds is large, it should be thinned in the bud stage and fruit thinning after the physiological fruit dropping period; if the number of flower buds is small, more flowers can be left. At the same time as artificial pollination.

6. pest control

In pest control, we should adhere to the principle of "prevention first, prevention combined". Especially in the growing season, every 20,-30 days, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times solution or 65% zebrazine WP 500 times solution should be sprayed to prevent disease. 2.5% aphid 1800 times solution and 20% white mite 2000 times solution can be used to control aphids, red spiders and other pests of fruit potted plants.