Diagnosis of Candida albicans infection in deer

As a conditional pathogen, Candida albicans (Candidaalbicans) can normally exist in human and animal oral mucosa, gastrointestinal tract, anus, vagina, skin and other parts, generally does not cause disease, but when the body is malnourished, vitamin deficiency, long-term use of antibiotics, the probability of Candida albicans infection increases, serious cases can lead to other organ infections and even death. The single infection of Candida albicans from animals is rare, and it is generally mixed infection. Because of its low harmfulness, it is not easy to attract the attention of aquaculture and veterinary workers. Candida albicans infection was reported only in meat breeding pigeons and broilers raised in individual farms, but no economic loss was caused. A strain of pathogenic Candida albicans was isolated from a deer farm in Shuangyang, Changchun City. The report is as follows.

1 morbidity and collection of disease materials

In a deer farm in Changchun, about 6.1% (8x131) developed diarrhea of varying degrees, which was partially improved and cured by the veterinary clinical guidance of florfenicol injection + antipyretic god needle + multivitamin). The remaining 3 stubborn diarrhea did not stop, the affected deer were depressed, dishevelled, thin, and obviously malnourished. The body temperature was 40 to 41.5 ℃. The anus is filthy, and the stool is like tofu residue, containing small air bubbles. Take anal dirt and feces with cotton swabs.

2 laboratory examination

2.1 microscopic examination of smear staining

The diseased materials were treated with normal saline and examined by Gram staining. It can be seen that most of them are gram-positive and uneven, with groups of budding spores and pseudohyphae, and the budding cells are oval, like yeast cells. There are also a small number of Gram-negative bacteria, short red rods.

2.2 pathogen isolation and culture

After being treated with normal saline, the diseased materials were directly crossed and inoculated on Sha's Agar plate, corn meal Tween Agar plate and BTB plate. Then the single colony was purified according to the colony morphology. On Sha's Agar medium, the colony cultured for 48 hours with 37 ℃ was cream, color yeast-like, round, neat edge, central protuberance, moist and smooth. The culture in the colony was examined by Gram staining, and there were groups of budding spores and pseudohyphae. After cultured on corn flour Tween Agar for 48 hours, the colonies were examined by Gram staining, and fungal hyphae, pseudohyphae and budding spores could be seen. On BTB medium, the green plate turned yellow after glucose fermentation, forming small colonies with round and neat edges.

2.3 biochemical test

The bacterial sap cultured on Sha's Agar plate and cornmeal Tween Agar plate was inoculated with inoculation ring on glucose, maltose, lactose, galactose, sucrose, fructose, mannitol and sorbitol for 24 hours. The results showed that the strain could use glucose, maltose and fructose to produce acid and gas, sucrose and galactose, but not lactose, mannitol and sorbitol. In BTB medium. The growth of small colonies did not do biochemical tests.

2.4 Animal experiments

Four mice were divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 2) and the control group (n = 2). The bacteria cultured within 24 hours were inoculated subcutaneously in the neck and 2 mice in the control group were injected with normal saline. The experimental mice had inflammatory reaction at the inoculation site after 3 hours, redness and swelling at the inoculation site after 5 hours, and aggravated obviously after 7 hours. The experimental rats were depressed in spirit and accompanied with mild diarrhea. There was no abnormal reaction in the control mice. The rabbits were killed on the fifth day. The site of the abscess was opened and the abscess fluid was sticky. The abscess smear was examined by Gram staining and the pathogen was found to be the same as before. The kidney and liver were obviously enlarged and covered with uniform and needle-sized abscesses, among which the renal cortical lesions were the most obvious. In addition, the spleen is enlarged, the lung is atrophied, the whole intestinal tract is obviously out of breath, and there is yeast-flavored exudate in the abdominal cavity. There was no difference in the control group.

2.5 Drug sensitivity test

The drug sensitivity of fluconazole, ketoconazole, irisin, nystatin, amphotericin B, clotrimazole and other commonly used antifungal agents was tested on Sha's Agar culture plate. The results showed that the strain was highly sensitive to itraconazole and nystatin, moderately sensitive to fluconazole and amphotericin B, low sensitive to clotrimazole and ketoconazole, and almost ineffective to common antibiotics.

3Diagnostic

After laboratory isolation and identification, combined with clinical symptoms, laboratory animal autopsy changes and drug sensitivity test analysis, a comprehensive diagnosis of Candida albicans infection in this case.

4 summary

As a conditional pathogen, Candida albicans are mostly endogenous infections. Long-term and extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, coupled with poor environmental hygiene, lead to the imbalance of normal flora in livestock and poultry, which has become one of the pathogenic factors. In the production work, the concomitant occurrence of the disease can be avoided as long as we strengthen the management, do a good job in environmental hygiene and scientific feeding. Mixed infection of Candida albicans in deer has begun to show signs, which should attract the attention of the staff of deer farms.