Questions and answers on Gardnerellosis of fox mink

1 how to make sure that the fur animal has an infectious disease?

A: ① infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, and each infectious disease has its own specific pathogenic microorganisms. For example, canine distemper is caused by canine distemper virus infection of paramyxoviridae, fox encephalitis is caused by canine adenovirus infection, and mink Aleutian disease is caused by Aleutian virus infection of paramyxovirus family. Pasteurellosis is caused by Pasteurella multocida infection, which needs to be confirmed by pathogen isolation and identification, immunological diagnosis and so on. ② infectious diseases are contagious and epidemic. The pathogenic microorganisms excreted from infected animals can be transmitted to another healthy animal through different ways, and can cause the same clinical symptoms. When the conditions are suitable, animals are infected in a certain range or in a certain area within a certain period of time, resulting in large-scale spread and spread. Animals infected with ③ have characteristic clinical manifestations. Most infectious diseases have characteristic symptoms and certain incubation period and course of disease. Such as canine distemper eye and nose changes and biphasic fever; vaginal Gardnerella abortion and empty pregnancy. The specific response occurred in the animals infected with ④. This specific reaction is due to the immunological reaction of the body under the stimulation of the antigen of pathogenic microorganisms, which can be detected by different immunological diagnostic methods, such as agglutination reaction, Agar diffusion test, convective immunoelectrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and so on. Specific immunity can be obtained from animals that have been tolerant to ⑤. After animals have tolerated infectious diseases. Generally, it can produce specific immunity, so that the body will no longer be infected with this infectious disease within a certain period of time or for a lifetime.

2 what measures should be taken to effectively prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases in fur animals?

Answer: once it is confirmed that an infectious disease has occurred in the fur animals, the sick animals should be strictly isolated first. Cages, boxes, floors, food utensils, gloves and capture utensils contaminated by the excreta and secretions of the sick animals should be thoroughly disinfected. At the same time, the disease materials of dead animals are collected quickly and sent for diagnosis as quickly as possible. When it is identified as an infectious disease, emergency vaccination of the whole group should be carried out immediately. For the safer inactivated vaccine, the dose can be more than 2 times the normal immune dose.

For bacterial infectious diseases, at the same time of emergency vaccination (excluding live vaccines) or when there is no vaccine to be vaccinated, sensitive drugs are selected to prevent the whole population. For viral infectious diseases, antibiotics should be used to control secondary infections, such as the respiratory system and digestive system are the most vulnerable, should be treated with drugs to alleviate symptoms and alleviate the disease. The necessary daily newspaper was treated with high immune serum and antiviral drugs were used to control it. Other systemic treatments such as cardiotonic, detoxification, infusion and so on should be considered.

It is strictly forbidden to dissect sick and dead animals at will and throw them everywhere. The carcasses of animals that have died of infectious diseases should be buried or incinerated. When the infectious disease is under control, the epidemic stops, and there are no new cases, the veterinary farm should be disinfected for the last time.

3 what factors can lead to the spread and prevalence of infectious diseases in fur animals?

A: after the pathogen is excreted from the sick animal, it can be transmitted to the healthy animal in two ways. ① is transmitted by direct contact. That is, the transmission of pathogens caused by direct contact with healthy animals without the participation of any external factors. This mode of transmission includes mating, licking and biting. For example, vaginal Gardnerella infection is mainly transmitted through mating; rabies is usually transmitted only when it is bitten by a diseased animal or dog and the rabies virus is brought into the wound with saliva. Indirect contact transmission of ②. That is to say, with the participation of external environmental factors, pathogens can infect healthy animals through transmission media. Such as canine distemper, parvovirus enteritis, Pasteurella multocida and Escherichia coli. The forms of indirect contact transmission include: through air transmission, such as droplets, dust, etc., the respiratory tract invades the portal; through contaminated feed and drinking water, mainly through the digestive tract as the invasion portal; through contaminated soil transmission, fur animals in captivity generally do not occur; through live media, such as bacteria or virus-carrying mosquitoes, flies, ticks, dogs, rats and humans.

4 how to distinguish between bacterial infectious diseases and viral infectious diseases of fur animals?

Answer: after the occurrence of an infectious disease in fur animals, it is first necessary to make clear what pathogen causes it, which is very important for the effective control of the infectious disease. Infectious diseases are usually caused by two types of microorganisms, bacteria and viruses. The differential basis is as follows: ① treatment diagnosis. Bacterial infectious diseases choose appropriate antibiotics after a certain course of treatment, symptoms are significantly reduced and cured; viral infectious diseases treated with antibiotics are ineffective or can only play a role in relieving symptoms and can not be cured. ② was confirmed by laboratory diagnosis. Through smear microscopic risk, isolation and culture and physiological and biochemical identification of dead animals, bacterial infectious diseases can be identified, while viral infection needs to be examined for "inclusion bodies" or immunological diagnosis. if necessary, it can be identified with the help of an electron microscope. The virus can only grow in specific cells, does not grow on artificial medium, and can not see individual virions under ordinary light microscope.

It should be emphasized that sometimes viral and bacterial infectious diseases are often co-infected or secondary infections, which need to be considered by examiners in laboratory diagnosis.

In addition, microorganisms such as mycoplasma and eperythrozoon are neither bacteria nor viruses, which must be considered in diagnosis. At the same time, it should be judged comprehensively according to epidemiology, clinical symptoms and pathological changes. Generally speaking, after excluding bacterial and viral infections, infectious diseases caused by other microorganisms should be considered.

5 why should urgent vaccination be emphasized after the occurrence of infectious diseases in fur animals?

Answer: when fur animals have infectious diseases, after pathogen testing is qualitative, for bacterial infectious diseases, although drugs are available for control, the cure rate is limited; for viral infectious diseases, drug treatment can only control secondary infections. Emergency vaccination is based on the identified pathogen of infection and specific immunization with vaccine. After the body produces specific antibodies, it can remove and neutralize the pathogen. The general vaccine can produce antibody 5-7 days after vaccination, and its antibody titer increases gradually. when the antibody level reaches a certain level, it can achieve immune protection. Usually 10 to 15 days after emergency vaccination, new cases no longer occur and the epidemic stops. For example, an inactivated vaccine can not only protect healthy animals, but also protect diseased animals to a certain extent, such as viral enteritis vaccine, Pasteurella vaccine, etc.; if it is an attenuated live vaccine, it can only protect healthy animals. Symptomatic animals or animals infected in the latent period with virus but no symptoms can promote the aggravation of symptoms or appear symptoms, which is the inevitable result of emergency vaccination of live vaccines, which is a normal reaction. But on the whole, most healthy animals are protected. For example, animals infected in the incubation period will develop symptoms sooner or later, especially viral infectious diseases are inevitable. For example, when canine distemper occurs in fur animals, it can not be controlled with chemical drugs, emergency vaccination must be carried out, otherwise the epidemic range will gradually increase, and finally there will be an uncontrollable situation.