Production status and Development Strategy of Nanguo Pear in Haicheng City

Nanguo pear is a characteristic industry in Haicheng area. with its moderate fruit, bright color, delicate pulp, sweet and sour palatability, rich and unique flavor and other advantages, Nanguo pear can be called Jiaozi in the fruit, one of the best in the world, and is deeply welcomed by consumers all over the country.

I. the booming Nanguo pear industry

At present, there are 20 towns (farms) in Haicheng, more than 300 villages cultivate Nanguo pear, and more than 200,000 people are engaged in Nanguo pear industry. Nanguo pear covers a total area of more than 300,000 mu, with a total plant number of more than 1000 million, with an annual output of about 150000 tons and an output value of more than 450 million yuan. In the fruit-producing areas, the income of Nanguo pear accounts for more than 50% of the total agricultural income, and the key towns and villages account for more than 90%. It has become a pillar industry for farmers in eastern mountainous areas to increase their income and become well-off.

In recent years, due to the attention of governments at all levels and the understanding of fruit farmers, the Nanguo pear industry in Haicheng City has made great progress. More than 1 million Nanguo pears have been planted every year, with an additional output of nearly 10, 000 tons and an additional output value of more than 50 million yuan.

In order to improve the scientific and technological content of Nanguo pear production and the scientific and technological quality of fruit growers, Haicheng fruit industry technology extension department has increased the popularization and training of new technologies in various ways. Over the past few years, emphasis has been placed on popularizing new technologies such as reasonable close planting, early birth and early harvest, underground film mulching, hole fertilizer and water storage, soil testing and fertilization, biological control of diseases and insect pests, and artificial pollination, which have improved the output and quality of pears and made the market price of Nanguo pears rise all the way. now the average price per kilogram can be sold to 4 yuan, the highest to 6 yuan, more than double that in the past.

At present, the Nanguo pear in the city has passed the national pollution-free test, Datun Town has registered the trademark of "Yingbu" Nanguo Pear in the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, and Nanguo Pear in Wangjiabao Village, Jiewen Town, has been recognized as A-class green food by the National Green Food Office. Datun Town has been designated as the high-quality fruit production base of Nanguo Pear by the Ministry of Agriculture. The Nanguo pear in Haicheng has been exported to Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang, Dalian, Harbin, Changchun and other large and medium-sized cities, and the sales volume is increasing. With China's entry into WTO, Nanguo pear is also opening up markets in European countries dominated by Russia and Southeast Asian countries dominated by Japan and South Korea.

Second, the problems still existing in the current production

1. The management of soil, fertilizer and water is not in place. Nanguo pears in Haicheng area are all mountain orchards, and the site conditions of newly planted Nanguo pear orchards are better, but some large pear trees planted in the 1950s and 1960s have only simple fish scale pits, and a small number of fruit farmers follow the original clear ploughing management. soil erosion is serious. Some pear orchards lack scientific fertilization technology, more chemical fertilizer, less organic fertilizer, more chicken manure, less human manure and less ring fertilizer. Individual pear orchards apply a certain kind of fertilizer blindly, resulting in the imbalance of tree nutrients and the occurrence of various diseases. In addition, the fertilization period is not scientific, and the effect of applying base fertilizer in early autumn is the best, but some fruit farmers apply it in early spring because they can not spare the time, which affects the decomposition of manure and the absorption of fruit trees.

two。 The main diseases and insect pests of Nanguo pear are pear scab, pear planthopper, pear heart borer and so on. In the process of prevention and control, due to the untimely forecast and blindly increasing the times of administration and concentration, some fruit growers used an average of 12 times a year, up to 14 times, and the dilution multiple of pesticides should be 8000-10000 times, while others used 5000-6000 times, which not only increased the production cost, but also had poor control effect, and even made the fruit difficult to ripen after ripening, affecting market sales.

3. The pruning strength of adult trees is not enough, Nanguo pear is a light-loving tree species, some of the mature trees are not pruned enough, some 50-year-old trees do not lose their heads in time, the main branches are too many, and the crown is closed, which affects the light conditions of the tree body and causes the fruit part to move out. In summer pruning, only branch pulling is emphasized, but the application of measures such as thinning branches and broken heart is not timely, the amount of branches retained is too much, ventilation and light transmission is poor, and the fruit quality is affected.

4. Sparse flowers and fruits are unreasonable. Some fruit growers leave more fruit blindly because of love fruit, and even some pear orchards do not have scarce fruit at all. In order to catch up with the festival, early harvest affects both yield and quality, and when "grandparents and grandchildren" pick together, all the trees are mixed fruits, resulting in low yield, low quality, low price and low income. In addition, the improper selection of artificial pollination pollen in individual pear orchards resulted in poor fruit quality in the whole orchard.

5. Lack of fruit deep processing technology at present, the annual output of Nanguo pear in the city is about 150000 tons, with the increase of fruit trees year by year, the output will increase greatly. But at present, Nanguo pear fruit is mainly fresh food in the market, and there is a lack of deep processing technology for a large number of residual fruits. In addition, there are also blind spots in the development of the market, which are only concentrated in the surrounding market and the northern market, while the southern market has a lot of room to be developed, which has affected the development of Nanguo pear industry in varying degrees.

III. Technical strategies to be adopted in future production

1. Strengthening soil fertilizer and water management is the primary task for the production of high quality Nanguo pear. In soil management, in order to meet the requirements of Nanguo pear for slightly sour soil, mountain orchards should repair horizontal terraces and carry out deep ploughing to improve soil, so as to ensure the requirements of pear roots for soil conditions. In the period of fertilization, base fertilizer should be applied in early autumn. It is necessary to apply more organic fertilizers such as human manure, soil manure, barnyard manure and cake manure to increase the content of soil organic matter. Chicken manure should not be used as far as possible, because chicken manure contains a large amount of undecomposed growth hormone, which has a certain impact on fruit quality, especially immature chicken manure has a greater impact on tree development and is easy to cause diseases and insect pests. Chemical fertilizer should be applied reasonably according to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the needs of fruit trees, and should not be applied blindly to prevent physiological diseases caused by soil nutrient imbalance. While applying chemical fertilizer, a certain amount of micro-fertilizer should be applied to balance the nutrient needs of the tree. Green manure should be planted and applied in orchards. According to the experimental results in recent years, the application of special fertilizer for Nanguo pear is strongly advocated. The Nengfu brand Nanguo pear special fertilizer produced by Shenyang Xinlin Science and Trade Co., Ltd. has complete nutrition and long-term effect, which can increase the content of soil organic matter, not only improve soil fertility, but also significantly improve fruit color and quality, which is well received by fruit farmers.

two。 Scientific control of diseases and insect pests in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, we should give priority to prevention, and prevention is more important than control. Adopt scientific prevention and control methods, adhere to the prediction, and guide the prevention and control by the prediction. Try to reduce the number of medication, symptomatic medication. The average number of drug use in the whole year is 4 to 6 times, with a maximum of 7 times. The method of low concentration and elution was used to apply the medicine evenly on the leaf surface, leaf back and branches. Try to use biological agents and pesticides with short residual period to prevent drug damage.

3. To improve the pruning level of mature trees, it is necessary to control the closure of the crown, improve the ventilation and light transmission of the crown, and open the light path when the tree is tall and happy. For too many main and side branches and too dense branches germinated in the inner chamber, it is necessary to remove and renew the fruiting branches in time, so as to prevent the fruit from moving out and ensure high and stable yield.

4. Sparse flower and sparse fruit should be harvested at the right time, one inflorescence should be kept every 20cm and 30cm, two fruits should be left in each inflorescence, and the ratio of fruit to leaf should be kept at 1520 ∶ 1. When sparse fruit is mainly left with drooping fruit, supplemented by lateral fruit, and do not leave erect fruit as far as possible. In artificial pollination, in addition to following the rules, emphasis should be placed on the selection of pollen, and the pollen of Qiuzi pear system should not be selected as far as possible, and the pollen effect of Xuehua pear, white pear and Huagai pear is better. Nanguo pears should be harvested timely and in batches to prevent early harvest. The growth period of Nanguo pear is about 140 days, and the normal harvest period in Haicheng area is the first and middle of September. Early harvest affects the growth and development of fruit in the later stage, and reduces the yield, quality and sales price.

5. Strengthen market development and deep processing in order to make Nanguo pear production form a complete industrial chain as soon as possible, it is necessary to increase the intensity of comprehensive deep processing. In addition to processing Nanguo pear wine, Nanguo pear can also process Nanguo pear juice, Nanguo pear jam, canned Nanguo pear and aroma extraction and utilization to make up the gap in the market. At the same time, vigorously develop the domestic and foreign fresh fruit market of Nanguo pear, focus on developing Russia and other international markets, and create the world famous brand of Haicheng Nanguo pear.