Peach Management in Cold shed before and after Spring Festival in Beijing-Tianjin area

1 buckle shed period

Because the cold shed peach has no cold protection facilities, it only depends on daylight temperature increase and greenhouse film heat preservation, so the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the suitable greenhouse period is about February 20, so the flowering period is March 25-31, and the peach ripening period is early June. 10-15 days earlier than open-field peach.

Heating type cold shed peach shed every 350 square meters, install a heating machine in the center of the cold shed, burn wood or coal, gas is discharged out of the shed through the chimney in the middle of the furnace, and the air is preheated through the interlayer of the furnace, and then blow hot air to the north and south through the chimneys on both sides. Or install 3 stoves on both sides of the shed, each with 6 chimneys, and the gas is discharged from the shed on both sides. The suitable period of peach buckle shed in heating cold shed is February 2 ~ 4, flowering period is March 15 ~ 31, ripening period is May 25 ~ 31, about 20 days earlier than that in the open field.

2 the management after withholding the shed

After the temperature control in the shed before flowering, pay attention to the air in the daytime, but not when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃. You should always pay attention to mending cracks and holes in the shed. A 3-meter-high wind barrier must be built on the north side of the shed to protect against wind and heat preservation. It is appropriate to take 35 days from withholding the shed to flowering. The temperature of the greenhouse must be heated gradually, keeping 10: 18 ℃ during the day in the first week, no more than 20 ℃ in the first week, 12: 20 ℃ in the middle day, no more than 22 ℃ in the middle day, 14: 23 ℃ in the 15 days before flowering, and no more than 25 ℃ in the maximum.

Three to five days after plastic film mulching and watering, cover 1.5 meters wide plastic film between peach trees. About 10 days after withholding the shed, the soil will be properly watered when it is about to thaw, and the large amount of water is easy to reduce the soil temperature too much.

Spraying 3 Baomedu stone sulfur mixture during flower bud expansion period for the control of diseases and insect pests. This time the medicine must be sprayed carefully and evenly.

The flower buds can be identified well during the pre-anthesis re-cutting and expansion period. First of all, the big and strong branches without flowers and few flowers in the upper and outer parts of the crown should be cut off; the second is to remove the over-dense branches and thin and weak branches in the middle and lower parts; the third is to cut off the long string of flower branches moderately, and then retract moderately after fruit setting, so as to facilitate ventilation and light, balance the tree potential and improve the fruit-setting rate.

(3) florescence management

Spraying imidacloprid 3000 times solution + polymanganese zinc solution once to control aphids in bud stage. Spray thoroughly to kill peach aphids and germs.

The greenhouse temperature should not be too high during the flowering period, it should be maintained at 14: 22 ℃ during the day, and the maximum should not exceed 25 ℃. By opening the cracks in the greenhouse, the shoulders and the south and north doors to cool down, the tuyere should be closed at 3: 4 p.m., when the temperature of the greenhouse reaches 20 ℃. If the temperature of the greenhouse is lower than 5 ℃ at 12:00 at night, the stove should be lit immediately until 7 o'clock in the morning to prevent frozen flowers and fruits.

From the early flowering stage to the flowering stage of greenhouse peach, only a few small flowering trees were artificially pollinated twice, and then pollinated 4 times in the absence of dew at about 11:00 in the morning. The practice shows that artificial air pollination has the advantages of good fruit setting, simple method and rapid labor saving. If there are few pollinated varieties or too concentrated pollinated varieties in the greenhouse, pollination should be collected before artificial pollination, in case the fruit setting is low and the yield is reduced. Spraying 20ml / L gibberellin + 0.3% urea solution + 0.3% borax solution at full flowering stage and spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution at the end of flowering stage can significantly increase the fruit setting rate.

To control the vigorous growth of new shoots with the increase of greenhouse temperature, all except weak peach trees should be cut in the trunk 15 days after flowering, and the trunk should be cut again once every 8-10 days, so as to intercept the nutrition on the tree and promote fruit setting. The peach trees which are still thriving after twice ring cutting can be sprayed with 150 times of paclobutrazol once more.

4 strict fruit thinning

Fruit thinning should be carried out twice, the first time should be one week after falling flowers, first remove the diseased and residual fruit, small fruit and double fruit, and the second fruit should be fixed about 25 days after flowering. When fruit thinning, strong trees and strong branches can leave more fruit, while weak trees and weak branches should leave less fruit. On the specific retained fruit, we should know that there are 3-5 fruits in the long fruit branch, 2-3 fruit in the middle fruit branch and 1 fruit in the short fruit branch. In addition, the upper and outer parts of the crown have good light, large fruit and good coloring, so it is appropriate to leave more fruit and less fruit in the inner chamber and lower part of the crown.