Gold perfume (pear)

Jinxiangshui [Pingguoli x(Xiangshuili x Pingguoli)], a new cold-resistant pear variety, was bred by Mudanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Heilongjiang Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It was approved and named by Crop Variety Approval Committee of Heilongjiang Province in 1997. This variety has strong cold resistance, disease resistance and excellent quality. It can be eaten fresh or frozen. In recent years, it has been popularized in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for 15,000 hectares. It has also been cultivated in other provinces in northern China. It has become one of the main cultivated varieties of pear in cold region.

Features:

1. Botany character: golden fragrant pear crown semicircle, tree posture opens. The trunk is dark gray and smooth. The perennial branches are dark gray, the annual branches are green-brown, and the internodes are curved more obviously. Leaf blade medium large, long ovoid, bud free, medium sized. Each inflorescence has 8- 10 flowers, pink buds and medium white corolla.

2. Fruit economic characters: fruit oblate, average fruit weight 100g, maximum fruit weight 125g. Peel yellow and white, sunny face red, smooth fruit, white flesh, crispy after soft, edible after harvest, fine meat, flavor, juice, sour taste, no stone cells, high quality. Soluble solids 16.50%, soluble sugar 10.29%, vitamin C 6.16 mg/100g. Fruit juice rate 80%--85%, juice translucent, light brown, with autumn pear fragrance.

3. Growth and fruiting characteristics: strong tree vigor, high germination force, medium branching force, trunk branch angle 50--60°. Long, medium and short fruit branches, axillary flower buds are fruiting, 4- 6 fruits per sequence. The seedlings bear fruit early, the third year after planting, the fifth year yield 5000kg/ha, the seventh year yield 30000kg/ha, no big or small year phenomenon, the highest yield 40000kg/ha. The fruit bearing of trees in early fruiting stage is mainly long fruit branches, and that of trees in full fruiting stage is mainly short fruit branches. Jinxiangshui has strong cold resistance, frost-free period of 100 days, normal growth and development under extreme low temperature of-40℃ in winter, strong resistance to pear scab and pear brown spot, and leaves do not suffer from disease under general conditions.

Cultivation points:

1. Garden construction: the seedlings are selected to be the first grade seedlings with height above 1m, base diameter about 1 cm, full development, sound root system and pure variety. The row spacing of planting plants is 3mx4--5m. Before planting, dig 40cm wide and 50cm deep planting holes, backfill good soil, and apply 15--20 kg organic fertilizer to each hole. Pollinating trees were allocated according to 4:1, suitable varieties were Wanxiang, Youyi 1, Muyu 11-11, etc. After planting, the trees are irrigated with water, covered with plastic film, and the fixed stem height is 70--80cm.

2. Soil, fertilizer and water management: after planting and before fruiting, keep the tree row clean and plough, apply organic fertilizer, and apply 25--50kg per plant every year for 2--4 years. After fruiting, deep ploughing and hole expansion are carried out every year after fruit harvesting in autumn. Compound fertilizer (N: P: K ratio 2:1:1) is applied once during germination period, rapid fruit growth period and flower bud differentiation period from late April to mid August. Trees with more fruits can be applied once during fruit expansion period (late July to late August), and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added. Green manure and weeds are buried before rainy season. In July, spraying 0.3% urea 2- 3 times in combination with spraying, and spraying 0.3%--0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1--2 times in August. Irrigation should grasp the budding period, new shoot speed long term, after defoliation to freeze before the three stages.

3. Pollination and fruit thinning: on the basis of pollinating trees, artificial auxiliary pollination (powder spraying or powder rolling) can be carried out, and 800 times of pollen sweet and sour solution can be sprayed at full bloom. Thinning flowers and fruits from late May to early June is generally controlled at about 15--20cm, leaving a strong inflorescence with 2--3 fruits per inflorescence.

4. Pest control: focus on the prevention and control of pear psyllid, peach fruit borer and other pests. Before winter, clear orchard leaves, weeds, fruit drop, cut off pests, branches, dead branches, concentrated burning or deep burial. In early spring, 5-degree Be carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times and thiophanate-methyl 800--1000 times solution were sprayed once to prevent disease occurrence. The control of pear psyllid should be sprayed at the late peak of germination (when eggs are first seen in the field). The pesticides can be used with 5000 times of 20% mefenacil EC, 1000 times of 5% beta-cypermethrin, 10000 times of BaiLin No.3 and 2000 times of 2.5% dicide. The control of peach fruit borer, in the peak period of overwintering adult emergence and oviposition, generally began in early July, using 2.5% Tao Xiaoling emulsion 3000 times liquid.

5. Reasonable pruning: tree shape adopts small crown shape or spindle shape, tree height is controlled below 4m, crown diameter is kept within 3m, trunk height is 60cm, 6--8 main branches are evenly grown on the central trunk, and the spacing is about 25--30 cm. The diameter of the main branch should not exceed 1/2 of the central trunk, and the fruiting branch group should be directly attached to the main branch. After planting, thinning branches more, cutting less, increasing the number of effective branches and buds, opening angle of main branches about 80 degrees, paying attention to easing tree vigor after fruiting, controlling crown size, and updating fruiting branch group in time.