Occurrence and control of rotten eggplant

Rotten eggplant is a general term for Botrytis cinerea, cotton blight and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In winter and spring, the rotten eggplant in the greenhouse is mainly caused by Botrytis cinerea, supplemented by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The main symptoms are that the disease mainly harms small fruits and green fruits, as well as leaves. Generally, the fruit damage first infects the residual filament receptacle, and then develops to the fruit and stalk, resulting in a gray-white soft rot in the pericarp, and a large number of gray-white mildew layer in the late stage of the disease, and then the fruit becomes dehydrated and ossified. However, most of the disease conditions are low temperature and humidity, with the optimum temperature of 23 ℃ and the optimum humidity of 95%. Winter and spring greenhouse, greenhouse, low temperature, lack of light or continuous rainy weather for more than a week are conducive to the occurrence and spread of the disease.

At present, according to the author's investigation on Huxi, Yangshantou, Baodou and other greenhouse bases in Fenglin Town, Yongjia County, it is found that nearly 80% of the eggplant sheds have varying degrees of "rotten eggplant" disease, and 40% of the plants in serious eggplant sheds suffer from the disease, and the incidence rate is usually about 15%. It is estimated that the reduction is about 20%.

At present, the meteorological conditions are mainly characterized by continuous overcast and rain, and the temperature rise is unstable, which can not rule out the possibility of spring cold. In view of this characteristic, the following control suggestions are put forward for the current eggplant in greenhouse.

First, the principle of prevention and control for the prevention and control of "rotten eggplant", we should give priority to prevention and control, and give priority to agricultural control, supplemented by public school prevention and control. To achieve early prevention, early cure and radical cure.

II. Agricultural prevention and control

1. Open ditches and drain water to avoid stagnant water in the field. Generally, do not dry or irrigate. If necessary, irrigate holes or run horses. Low-lying fields should do a good job in drainage management.

2. In the eggplant shed where the air relative humidity is more than 90%, the straw of rice straw or other crops of more than 5 cm should be covered in the bed width to effectively restrain the rise of moisture and reduce the air humidity.

3. Properly extend the opening time when the average temperature during the day is higher than 15 ℃, the opening time can be advanced and the closing time can be delayed. The opening time can be advanced to 7: 00 in the morning, and the closing time can be postponed to 4: 00. In this way, it is beneficial to dehumidification by extending the ventilation time. But at the same time, we should also pay attention to the growth of eggplant.

4. Pruning, beating leaves, picking rotten fruit in general, remove all side branches and leaves below "door eggplant". Other leaves should be picked timely and fully according to the principle of non-corresponding shading so as to strengthen the ventilation between plants and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Remove rotten fruit in time and deal with rotten fruit safely. The removed leaves and rotten fruit should be far away from the eggplant shed, away from irrigation water, concentrated burning or deep burial, so as to prevent the bacteria from infecting again. Qualified vegetable farmers can set up quicklime disinfection belt in the greenhouse, which can effectively prevent people from entering the shed with disease.

In addition, according to the production practice, the control effect can reach more than 80% if the petals and stigmas of young fruit seedlings are removed.

III. Chemical control

Botrytis cinerea is very easy to develop drug resistance. Drugs should be selected with high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue and high selectivity, and should be used alternately, strictly according to the concentration, and the use of the same pesticide should be controlled during the whole breeding period to ensure the production of pollution-free vegetables.

1, medicine liquid dipping flowers: in the preparation of paracetamol or 2mae4murD dipped in flower solution, add 0.1% Sukeling or prohydantoin wettable powder, and then dip in flowers to effectively prevent the occurrence of Botrytis cinerea.

2. Chemical prevention and control: at the initial stage of the disease, 50% Prochloraz, 50% Prodantoin, 65% chlorpromazine, 50% Heizuijing, Shijiale, Musa, Pythium, Nongliling and Chlorothalonil are used to prepare 1000 times liquid spray, once every 7-10 days, for 3-4 times. At the same time, we should pay attention to the alternate use.

3. Fumigant fumigation or dust application: in case of low temperature and continuous rain, avoid spraying to increase humidity in the shed and aggravate the occurrence of the disease, 10% Sukeling smoke agent can be used during the onset period, 667 square meters 250-300 grams will be fumigated in the evening, or 10% cinnamon dust can be used, 667 square meters 1 kg, once every 507 days, 2-3 times in succession.

It is also reported that the use of "benefit" cold hair system for prevention and control in the evening has a better control effect.