Storage pathological changes of garlic bolts and its control measures

Shoot variation

1. Shoot browning

The main results are as follows: (1) the symptom bolting changes from yellowish green to yellowish brown or dark brown, dehydrated and wrinkled into thin flakes, easy to decay, easy to be infected by mold, easy to be infected by mold, easy to break in dry change, easy to rot in wet change, and infected by mold.

(2) physiological senescence and shrinkage of bolting tissue. High temperature and high oxygen can promote browning, and high humidity will aggravate browning.

(3) prevent timely harvesting, strictly prevent high temperature, air drying or covering heat during collection and transportation, maintain suitable low temperature and long-term stability in the storage, maintain sufficient accumulation of carbon dioxide before storage, tighten the mouth of the bag and prevent leakage of the bag, shorten the time of opening the bag during oxygen supply.

two。 Bolting mildew

The main results were as follows: (1) the symptom bolting became brown and wet, and irregular black velvet spots and white cotton floss grew on the surface layer. With the passage of time, mildew spots expanded and bolting shoots rotted.

(2) the spores of mold invaded the surface tissue of bolting shoots, and black velvet spots appeared, and the mycelium grew and developed to form cotton flocs. The mold secretes hydrolase and toxin, which causes the shoot tissue to disintegrate and rot.

(3) cut off the serious browning and decay of the bolting before entering the storage; maintain the suitable low temperature and long-term stability in the storage; maintain sufficient carbon dioxide accumulation during the storage period to inhibit the growth and development of mold; prevent the hyperoxia environment caused by leaking bag, bag mouth loosening or different loading and other factors; eliminate the transmission ways of mold such as wind, water and hands as far as possible; take necessary disinfection measures to reduce the source of bacteria.

Bolting bud mutation

1. Bolting bract spot

(1) there are small reddish-brown irregular convex spots and central furuncle spots on the symptomatic bract epidermis. This kind of bract is thicker and harder than normal bract.

(2) the cause of disease spot in the growing period in the field.

(3) strict selection of prevention and control to prevent garlic bolts with speckles from entering the warehouse; strengthen the management of the storage environment to prevent the malignant change of bolts; keep it alone and leave the warehouse ahead of time.

two。 Bolting bud enlargement

The main results were as follows: (1) the bracts of symptomatic garlic bolts changed from thick to thin, from bright green to yellowish brown, expanded into garlic shape as a whole, ruptured when the bracts were severe, the aerial bulbs spread out, and became water rotten bolting bracts after malignant transformation.

(2) High temperature and high oxygen enhanced the respiration of garlic bolts and made the physiological and biochemical processes faster. The expansion of the bolting bud is the result of the transfer of nutrients and water from the stalk to the bolting bud (aerial bulb).

(3) prevent timely harvest and shorten the collection time as much as possible; highlight the word "fast" in selection, pre-cooling and bagging; keep suitable low temperature and long-term stability in the warehouse; tighten the bag mouth and prevent bag leakage, shorten the time of opening the bag during oxygen supply; in the early stage of storage, we should pay attention to the role of carbon dioxide in inhibiting the physiological activities of garlic bolts.

3. Yellow wilt of bolting bud

(1) the symptom aerial bulb stops growing and the bracts are yellow or yellowish brown. The dehydrated and shrunken patches of the epidermis gradually formed from top to bottom, and the bolting bud tissue wilted and died.

(2) due to the aging of the stem and base of the garlic bud, the insufficient transport and supply of nutrients and water needed for the growth of the bolting bud led to the chlorosis and yellowing of the bolting bud, stopped its development and died naturally.

(3) prevent timely harvesting, shorten the time of collection, transportation, selection and processing to prevent the early aging of garlic bolts; do not store seriously aged garlic bolts; for slightly aged garlic bolts, all the aging parts must be cut off before entering the warehouse, leaving no future troubles; keep the storage suitable for low temperature and long-term stability; oxygen supply should be appropriate in the early stage of storage, not on the high side, especially to prevent the leakage of bags, the bag mouth is too loose and easy to cause long-term high oxygen environment.

4. Ash death of bolting bud

The main results are as follows: (1) the aerial bulb of garlic stalk stops developing or the growth point dies. The bracts are grayish green or grayish white, and there are flaky dead spots with longitudinal veins developed from the bolting tip, which become boiled after malignant transformation.

(2) the effects of high temperature plus hypoxia or long-term high carbon dioxide at suitable temperature will cause the disorder of physiological and biochemical process of bolting bud, accumulate toxic substances in cells or increase cell permeability, resulting in cell death. It is a typical physiological disease.

(3) to prevent and cure garlic bolts from covering bud injury and heat into storage; to store garlic bolts of different origin and quality, to determine the low limit index of oxygen supply respectively, and to grasp the range of up-regulation time in the middle and later stage; oxygen recovery should be sufficient, carbon dioxide residue should be small, and great attention should be paid to the change law of high carbon dioxide accumulation in each cycle to prevent the damage caused by high carbon dioxide.

5. Bolting bud mildew rot

The main results are as follows: (1) Local or most of the tissue of the symptomatic bolting bud is necrotic, and there are white cotton filaments. In severe cases, the bolting bracts are linked together to form white cotton floc, and the bracts rot and leave the bolting stem easily from the stem disc.

(2) after the occurrence of Verticillium wilt and ash death or other injury in the bolting bud, the mold infects, grows, develops and expands. The hydrolytic enzymes and toxins secreted by molds cause tissue cell death and body decay.

(3) to prevent and control garlic bolts which are strictly selected and processed to prevent the death of bolting buds and rotting shoots from entering the warehouse; to create a good storage environment to keep the garlic bolts intact and healthy; to keep suitable low temperature in the storehouse; to make full use of the sufficient accumulation of carbon dioxide to inhibit the growth and development of mold; to prevent the hyperoxic environment caused by leaking bags and bag pines; and to strive to reduce the possibility of wind, water and manual transmission. Take necessary measures of disinfection and sterilization to reduce the source of bacteria.

Aberration of bolting stem

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