Efficient cultivation techniques of Yuejiao No. 1 in early spring in northern Guangdong

Yuejiao No. 1 pepper is a first-generation hybrid bred by the vegetable Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Early ripening, plant height 65cm, plant width 60cm, thick horned fruit, long fruit 16~17cm, fruit diameter 4cm, single fruit weight 50-100g; smooth pericarp, dark green, thick meat, spicy, crisp and tender, good quality; resistance to blight, bacterial wilt, virus disease, 667 square meters yield of more than 4000kg. Yuejiao No. 1 pepper has been successfully planted in early spring in Shixing, Lianzhou, Lechang and other places in northern Guangdong for 3 years, and has been popularized on a large scale.

1 sowing and raising seedlings

According to the local climatic conditions and the situation, the most suitable sowing time is determined from the first ten days to the middle of November. The seeds were first disinfected in 55 ℃ warm water (the temperature remained the same), and then soaked in 20-30 ℃ warm water for 6-7 h. Mix the seeds with sifted plant ash or fine soil, sow in the seedling ground, pay attention to sowing. After sowing, cover with fine topsoil, drench with water and cover with film. The seed requirement of 667 square meters is 50g. When the seedlings have 3 or 4 true leaves, the overdense seedlings should be moved to a sparse or non-seedling place to promote the growth of the seedlings. At seedling stage, proper amount of topdressing can be applied for 1 or 2 times.

The main disease in seedling stage is catchment disease. The water-immersed disease spot appeared at the base of the stem of the diseased seedling, which quickly developed upward and turned brown, and the diseased part was constricted into a linear shape after losing water, causing the seedlings to collapse. It usually occurs from point to piece, and the seedlings fall quickly. After the onset of the disease, you can choose 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder 500x solution, or Luheng No. 1 (chlorpromazine) 3000 times solution, spray 1 times twice according to the condition, with an interval of 7 days and 10 days. After spraying chemicals on the seedbed, it is best to sprinkle with dry and fine soil to reduce the temperature and control the spread of the disease.

2 colonization

Uncover the thin film seedling for a period of time 5-7 days before planting, and spray it with dimethoate 1500 times plus chlorothalonil at the same time to avoid aphid planting. In the land where chili peppers are planted, the previous crops cannot be solanaceous vegetables or peanuts, tobacco, etc., preferably rice. The amount of base fertilizer used was 1500~2000kg, peanut bran 40~50kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, ditch or hole application. After soil preparation, the border is north-south, high 25cm, generally 1m trench, double row planting, 667 square meters planting about 5500 plants. Planting should be carried out in cloudy or sunny afternoon, select thriving seedlings, and bring as much soil as possible to avoid root damage and improve the survival rate. Immediately after planting, the root water was drenched with enough water.

3. Field management

The slow seedling stage is 10 days after planting, and the focus of field management is to drench enough water to ensure survival and replenish seedlings in time. Six to nine days after planting, topdressing can be carried out with urea 100g plus water 50g, urea 4~5kg every 667m2, or rotten human feces and urine to promote plant growth.

10-30 days after planting, the plants thrive at this stage, and begin to blossom and set fruit at the same time. The focus of field management is to apply sufficient fertilizer and water, cultivate soil, and control diseases and insect pests. 15-18 days after planting, combined with ploughing and soil cultivation, fertilizing once, applying compound fertilizer 30~40kg and potassium chloride 10kg in 667m2. Combined with fertilization, ploughing and soil cultivation, weeding, and removing the germinated lateral branches and buds below the first partial weight.

One month after planting, attention should be paid to strengthening the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, timely harvest, and adequate application of water and fertilizer. After flowering for 25 to 30 days, the fruit is fully grown, and the fruit can be harvested when it becomes hard and shiny. After harvesting 2-3 batches of fruit, some plants can be pulled out "every two trees" to facilitate the later growth of the plant.

4Prevention and control of main diseases and insect pests

4.1 Blight

When cultivated in the open field, the base of the stem is damaged first, and the symptoms are shown in all parts of the stem, in which the bifurcation becomes brown or dark brown is the most common. In general, the weather suddenly clears up in the rainy season or after heavy rain, the temperature rises sharply, and the disease is easy to spread. Prevention and control measures: give priority to prevention, start to apply medicine at the seedling stage, and immediately use 2 times for 3 times when there are central diseased plants in the field. Use 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder 400 times 500 times liquid, or 64% alum wettable powder 400 times 500 times liquid, or 72% manganese zinc cream urea wettable powder 600 times solution, or 69% manganese zinc enoyl wettable powder 1000 times solution, use alternately, 7 times every 10 days. Sprinkle some quicklime within 2cm around the diseased plant.

4.2 virus disease

There are many symptoms of pepper virus disease in the field, which can be divided into four types: ① mosaic type: in the early stage, the veins of the new leaves fade slightly, or the mesophyll is mottled with dark and light green, and in severe cases, the leaf surface is convex and uneven, the leaf veins are wrinkled, and the plant grows slowly or short. ② yellowing type: the diseased leaves turned yellow obviously and the plants became dwarf. ③ necrotic type: diseased plants, diseased leaves appeared spots, stripes, parietal blight, necrotic spots and other tissue necrosis. ④ malformation: plant Internode shortening, dwarfing, branches and leaves clustered, diseased leaves thickening and smaller. Fern leaves. Prevention and treatment measures: before or at the initial stage of the disease, choose 20% virus A wettable powder 500x liquid, or 2% Ningnanmycin water agent 500x liquid, or 1.5% Zhishiling EC 1000 times solution spray, alternate use, once every 7 days, 3 times continuously for 4 times.

4.3 anthrax

The disease harms leaves and fruits. Most of the pathogens overwintered in the remains of diseased plants on the soil surface or attached to seeds, and it was easy to cause infection in warm seasons, after rain or high soil moisture. After the injury, the leaves showed water-immersed spots at the beginning, and then gradually expanded into brown, nearly round, with wheel patterns. Susceptible fruits appear brown oval to oblong spots, sunken, with concentric patterns, and often epiphytic small black spots above. When the disease is serious, it causes a large number of fallen leaves and rotten fruit. Prevention and control methods: timely drainage after rain to avoid stagnant water. Choose a more ventilated place to plant. At the initial stage of the disease, 10% of the liquid was 1500 times higher, 2.5% of the emulsifiable concentrate was 1500 times, or 50% was 2000 times of Baogong wettable powder, once every 5 to 7 days, for 2 times in a row.

4.4 Tobacco green worm

Larvae eat buds, flowers and fruits, resulting in flower drop, fruit drop and fruit rot. The body color of the larvae is generally green or turquoise in summer, and the eggs of tobacco green insects are mostly laid on the positive and negative veins of the middle and upper leaves and on the calyx leaves of the buds. You can choose 5% Syngenta EC 1500 times, or 40.7% Lesbon EC 1000 times, or 2.5% cabbage gum suspension 1000 times, alternately, from afternoon to evening.

4.5 aphids

Aphids do harm to the back of leaves and on tender shoots and stems. After the young leaves and growth of the seedlings were damaged, the leaves curled up. In serious cases, the whole leaves curled up, the growth stagnated, and the whole plant wilted and died. Chemical control: choose 20% good winter EC 800x solution, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times liquid, or 2.5% Uranus 3000 times solution, or 50% aldicarb 1500 times solution spray, use alternately.

4.6 thrips

After the injury, the young leaves atrophied and deformed, the growth of branches and lateral branches stagnated, and the fruit stalks, leaves and fruit epidermis turned brown. You can choose 10% high-efficiency Dagongchen wettable powder 1500-2000 times liquid, or 20% good winter EC 800x liquid, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times liquid spray, alternate use, once every 7-10 days, spray 2 times 3 times.

4.7 mites

In the back of the leaf is harmful, the back of the injured leaf is grayish brown or yellowish brown, with oily luster or oil-soaked shape, the leaf margin curls downward; in severe cases, there are fallen leaves, flowers and fruits. You can choose 73% ketotere EC 1200 times, 20% methamphetamine EC 2000 times, or 1.8% alfotin EC 3000 times alternately.