Breeding and cultivation techniques of Black forage No. 1

Heisimai No. 1 (original code 02-16) was bred by Crop Institute of Qinghai Province Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences and Polish experts. December 9, 2005 through Qinghai Province Crop Variety Approval Committee. Heisimai 1 is a new variety of rye for both food and forage. Its grain yield is 20% higher than that of common@#@245 @#@, its quality is lower than that of wheat, its stem yield and nutritional quality are higher than those of common wheat and highland barley. It is an excellent forage for all kinds of livestock.

1 Selection process

in 1999, Qinghai Province academy of agricultural and forestry science (crop institute) cooperated with Polish expert (Brzezinski) to carry out translocation research on common wheat Neepawa (1DL5 +10) and Polish rye H510 (1RL) in Poland, and a new line was produced. in 2000, that second generation of rye translocation line was brought back from Poland and sowed in greenhouse of crop institute of Qinghai province on October 12 of that year. the line showed two types of spring and winter. In 2001, the plants with spring tendency were sown sparsely in greenhouse. In 2002, it was planted in the experimental field of the Crop Institute of the Institute, and the codes of that year were 02~16. From July 9 to 24 of the same year, Polish experts came to the Institute to guide the molecular marker detection and research work of crops. Random sampling (5 plants) in the field was analyzed, and the results showed that HMW5+10 was contained.

2 Yield performance

2.1 The results of regional test in 2003 showed that the average yield of three sites was 4102.65 kg/ha, which was 17.20% higher than that of the control variety Lemai 5. The results of regional test in 2004 showed that the average yield of three sites was 6887.55 kg/ha, which was 34.97% higher than that of the control variety Huzhu red spring wheat. The results of production test in 2004 showed that the yield of all the 4 plots increased by 3970.50~ 9180.00 kg/ha, which was 22.70% higher than that of the control (the main variety), and the results of production test in 2005 showed that the yield of 6 plots increased by 5 plots, which was 4500.20~ 7665.30 kg/ha, which was 30.83% higher than that of the control (feed wheat 02~18).

2.2 The highest yield of seed grass was 9180.50 kg/ha and hay yield was 20250kg/ha in Qinghai Province. Compared with the control wheat variety (Qingchun 144), the yield of seed grass was increased by 21.50% and hay yield was increased by 3000kg/ha. In 2005,1.34 hectares were planted in Yixi Village (5 households) and Kesuer Village (14 households) of Riyue Tibetan Township in Huangyuan County, with an average grain yield of 4500.00 kg/ha and hay yield of 13500kg/ha, which increased grain yield of 1500.00 kg/ha and hay yield of 75000kg/ha compared with that of local small oats. Black feed wheat No. 1 yellow green stems when mature, while common wheat withered yellow.

If only forages are produced, the highest yield of fresh grass is 45000~58500kg/ha when mowing once a year, and the highest yield of fresh grass is 75000kg/ha when mowing twice a year (cutting fresh grass after early heading and tiller growth). In 2005, the variety was planted on 0.033 hectares of dry beach land in Kesur Village, Riyue Tibetan Township, Huangyuan County. It was harvested once a year and tested on August 5. The fresh grass yield was equivalent to 52500kg/hectare.

3 Characteristics

3.1 Botanical characteristics Heisimai 1 belongs to spring middle and late maturing rye variety with growth period of 123±2 days. The plant height is 130.01±5.11cm and the plant type is compact. The seedlings are creeping, the leaves are dark green, the tillering power is strong, the panicle rate is high, the highest total stem number is 10.15 million/ha, and the panicle number is 5.7 million/ha. Panicle grain is hammer shape, panicle length is 12.45±2.01cm, grain number per panicle is 75.50±12.00, 1000-grain weight is 39.70±0.50g. The seeds are long and conical, farinaceous, black and plump, and the grain bulk density is 691.50±5.02g/L.

3.2 Heisimai No. 1 has strong drought tolerance, cold tolerance, green stem tolerance and high saline-alkali resistance. No stripe rust, leaf rust, stem rust, powdery mildew, scab were found.

3.3 Quality analysis in 2004, Qinghai Province Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Testing Center analysis: Heisimai 1 seed crude protein (dry basis) 11.59%, crude starch (dry basis) 65.29%, wet gluten 27%, close to local common spring wheat; The crude protein (dry basis) content of mature stems was 6.00% and soluble sugar (dry basis) was 19.17%, while the crude protein (dry basis) content of mature stems of local common spring wheat was 3.87%, soluble sugar was not detected. Therefore, the stalk of Heisimai 1 belongs to high quality forage grass.

4 Key points of cultivation

After many years of experiments and production demonstrations, Heisimai No. 1 is suitable for seed propagation in the mountainous dry land of Qinghai Province with an altitude of 2200~2500m. It can harvest fresh grass once and then harvest seeds again. If the fresh grass is harvested after the heading period, the mature period will be delayed by 35~45 days. In the forage planting area with an altitude of 2600~2850m, it can harvest fresh grass and incomplete seeds once.

The tiller ability of this variety is very strong, the root system is developed, and the soil fertility requirement is not strict. Before sowing, organic fertilizer 60000~90000kg/ha, pure nitrogen 90~ 135 kg/ha, phosphorus pentoxide 90~ 135 kg/ha, pure potassium 30~60kg/ha, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1∶1∶0.2. The sowing period is from the middle of March to the middle of April, the sowing rate is 225~263kg/ha, the sowing depth is 4~ 5 cm, the seedlings are 4500000~4800000 plants/ha, the total number of stems is 9750000~ 1050000 plants/ha, and the ears are 5250000~ 570000 plants/ha. If fresh grass is harvested twice or fresh grass is harvested once and then seeds are harvested once, watering shall be timely after the first harvest, and pure nitrogen shall be applied 55~83kg/ha.