Cultivation Techniques for Cotton with a Yield of 150 kg or More

In the past two years, our regiment has vigorously promoted the new techniques of high-density cultivation and assembly in cotton production, strengthened the breeding and promotion of new varieties, and still achieved a bumper harvest despite natural disasters and pests. What is more gratifying is that high-yield strip fields with a lint yield of 150kg to 180kg have sprung up in batches for two consecutive years. In 2003, in the disaster-prone years, the area of cotton yield (lint) more than 150kg was 2386 hectares, accounting for 37.7% of the total cotton planting area, and the area with per unit yield (lint) more than 180kg was about 1093 hectares, accounting for 17.3% of the total cotton planting area.

First, strengthen the consciousness of resisting disasters and seizing high yield and grasp the initiative.

In terms of management measures, it is mainly reflected in six aspects: first, do a good job in the implementation of conventional measures. Irrigate sufficient soil moisture, cure saline-alkali; suitable soil moisture before sowing, strict soil preparation quality; artificial seed selection, seed coating, chemical seed dressing, strict sowing quality, and so on. The second is to further improve the breeding, introduction and promotion of cotton varieties. Third, the best sowing time of cotton in high-yield fields is from April 7 to 15, and the sowing date does not need to be advanced. The fourth is to appropriately increase the planting density. Fifth, increase the application of organic fertilizer, deep application of base fertilizer; drip irrigation under plastic film should also postpone drip water, promote rooting under the main root, multiple lateral roots and enhance the ability of drought resistance. Sixth, it is appropriate to hit the top in advance to prevent greedy green late ripening.

Second, the yield structure of lint per unit yield of more than 150 kg

In addition to low-yield fields, sandy land and sub-suitable cotton areas, the current cotton varieties and supporting high and new technology planting were adopted and popularized on the land above medium fertility (including medium land). The yield structure of lint per unit yield of more than 150kg was as follows: 13500-15500 plants per square meter, total bolls 8.5-90000, bolls 5.5-6.5 per plant, and average boll weight 4.7-5.0 grams. The lint percentage is about 40%, the seed cotton yield is 400 kg to 440 kg, and the lint yield is 160 kg to 170 kg.

Third, grasp the evenness and promote the uniformity

Evenness means that the individual growth of cotton plant is symmetrical, the development is steady, and the plant type is reasonable. Homogeneity refers to the cotton plant population in the cotton field is highly consistent, the leaf color is the same, not premature senescence, not prosperous, elegant and neat. Evenness is the condition of homogeneity, and homogeneity is the embodiment of evenness.

In the high yield field with a unit yield of more than 150 kg, the wide and narrow row belt type is the best, the large row should be loosened properly, the narrow row and plant spacing should be reduced appropriately, that is, the "wide row dense plant", the average row spacing is 34 cm 42 cm, and the plant spacing is 10 cm 12.5 cm. For example, (66 × 10) × 11.5, (50 × 10) × 12.5, (55 × 28) × 11.5, etc., the theoretical plant number of 667 square meters is more than 15000-17000. At the same time, this configuration is not only conducive to the full use of soil fertility and light energy, tap the yield-increasing potential of the population, but also contribute to the individual growth and development of cotton plants and give full play to their ability of self-regulation. In the early stage, the individual development is good, but in the later stage, the group is not obscured, ventilated and transparent, which alleviates the contradiction between individual and group.

Fourth, scientific promotion and control, stable growth of the whole process.

1. Scientific operation of fertilizer and water

① fertilized 0.81kg of farm manure or 80kg of oil residue, 45kg of urea, 15kg of phosphate fertilizer, 5kg of potassium sulfate, 2kg of boron-zinc fertilizer and 2kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in southern Xinjiang is 1 ∶ 0.35 ∶ 0.12 0.14. The principle of fertilization is: deep application of base fertilizer, heavy application of flower and boll fertilizer, and supplementary application of top fertilizer. Under the condition of drip irrigation under plastic film, the proportion of topdressing during the growth period should be increased appropriately.

Base fertilizer: furrow irrigation and hose irrigation cotton field, all phosphate fertilizer, 70%-80% of total potash fertilizer, 50%-70% of total urea as base fertilizer, and the rest as topdressing. Drip irrigated cotton fields, all cake fertilizer, all or 80% phosphate fertilizer, about 70% potash fertilizer (sandy land is 50%-60%), 40%-60% of the total urea is used as base fertilizer, and the rest is dripped with water during the growth period.

Flower and boll fertilizer: conventional ditch irrigation cotton field, flower and boll fertilizer is generally divided into two ditches, that is, light and heavy before the initial flowering stage and full flowering stage, 667 square meters apply 8kg urea and 2kg potassium sulfate at the first flowering stage, 1215kg urea and 3kg diammonium phosphate 3kg at full flowering stage. In the later stage, in order to increase boll weight and prevent premature senility, Zhuang peach fertilizer was applied in combination with three or four water (early August), and about 4 kg of urea was applied by soil drip irrigation, which could be applied more appropriately in cotton fields with smaller upper leaves, lighter leaves and more sitting peaches in the middle and lower parts, but not too late. Drip irrigation cotton field, during the growth period, according to soil fertility and texture, urea or cotton special fertilizer of 667 square meters was applied for 5 to 7 times, including before and after the first flowering, once at the early flowering stage, 3 times at the full bloom and boll setting stage, and twice at the boll setting stage. The amount of fertilizer dripping of 667 square meters was 3-4 kg before and after dripping fertilizer, and 4-5 kg in the middle stage. The sandy land should not be big in the early stage and pay attention to make up the drop in the later stage. When dripping nitrogen fertilizer in the middle and later stage, combined with a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, it is beneficial to increase boll weight, prevent premature senility and reduce shedding.

Cotton fields or plots with weak growth can be sprayed with foliar fertilizer twice at the 7-leaf stage. Foliar fertilizer was sprayed for 2 or 3 times during flowering and boll setting period to supplement nutrition in time, promote precocious maturity and prevent premature senility.

Conventional furrow irrigation cotton field is irrigated with conventional furrow irrigation during ② growth period. Head water is the key. It is common to see flower irrigation head water, no drought irrigation, 667 square meters irrigation water 6070 cubic meters, adhere to fine flow furrow irrigation, irrigation to ditch 1 minute 3. The sandy land can be properly watered early to see the seedlings chasing to promote bud fertilizer. The interval is about 10 days to irrigate two water, and 667 square meters irrigate 80 cubic meters to meet the water demand during the flowering and boll period. Sanshui and Sishui were irrigated once every 15 days or so, and the cotton fields could not be subjected to drought in the later stage. The water was cut off from mid-late August to early September.

Drip irrigation cotton field, cotton whole growth period dripping water 912 times, 667 square meters dripping water 200,250 cubic meters, master "before less, more in the middle, less after", blooming bud to the first flower twice, the interval period is about 10 days, each time 667 square meters dripping water 15 square meters 20 cubic meters; flower and boll period 4 times, interval 7 days, each time 667 square meters dripping water 30 cubic meters; three times in August, 667 square meters dripping water 20.25 cubic meters each time Two times in the first and middle of September, each time 667 square meters dripping 150.20 cubic meters, mainly using water to raise roots, roots to protect leaves, and leaves to protect peaches.

two。 Due to Miao chemical control

In Wangchang cotton field, in bud stage, 6-7-leaf stage and 9-10-leaf stage, 667 square meters were applied 0.8-1.2 grams of thalidomide, which mainly regulated the growth of middle leaves, internodes and middle and lower fruit branches, and grew steadily in bud-keeping stage. For cotton fields under drip irrigation under plastic film, the regulation of water and fertilizer should be given priority to, supplemented by chemical control and film regulation. In the early flowering stage, chemical control and prevention are hollow. From 12 leaves to 13 leaves, the dosage of 667 square meters of thalidomide is 2.0g to 2.5g, which mainly regulates the growth of upper leaves, internodes and fruit branches to prevent hollowness and keep peaches more fruiting in the middle. The cotton field under drip irrigation under plastic film is under light control. Flowering and bolling stage, 8-10 days after topping, re-control was carried out when the upper Internode and fruit branch elongated to a certain length.

3. Early topping, early pruning

It is suitable for the peak of plant height of 65cm and 75cm from July 5 to 15. Pick the side heart 8-10 days after topping, and take the flower as the boundary, the prosperous seedling area can be brought forward appropriately. Cut off the invalid buds from the end of July to the first ten days of August to increase the boll weight.

5. Integrated control of diseases and insect pests is the guarantee of high yield

The main pests are to control cotton bollworm, cotton aphid and cotton leaf mite. Cotton bollworm control: adhere to agricultural control and lower the overwintering base. During the peak spawning period, biological agents or pesticides with low lethality to natural enemies were applied to "hit the egg peak and treat before the third instar" to effectively control the population density of each generation. Bt pesticide can be used for chemical control. Cotton aphid: based on the control of overwintering aphids and early spring aphids, focus on the control of central aphids and spot tablets, use drugs scientifically and rationally, make full use of and protect natural enemies, and control cotton aphids with benefit and control as the center. Cotton spider mite control: based on agricultural control, focus on pest source control and spot pick treatment, protect and utilize natural enemies and control the harm of spider mites. Chemical prevention should be ruthless, the use of special acaricides, found a bit of chemical prevention, control of leaf mites in the spot occurrence stage, control in front of the head water, strictly prevent the spread. At present, the most effective method to control Verticillium wilt is to plant disease-resistant varieties. In the conditional field, for the strip fields with heavy occurrence of Verticillium wilt, the rotation of flood and drought can be carried out to reduce the harm.

6. do a good job in the recovery of residual film and control the pollution of residual film in cotton field.

In recent years, with the popularization of drip irrigation under plastic film, the recovery rate of plastic film decreased greatly. The average amount of residual film in cotton field was 667 square meters and 3.5 kg, with a maximum of 17.9 kg. In the case of uncovering plastic film before irrigation in cotton field, the average residual amount of plastic film in 667 square meters of cotton field for 5 years and 6 years was 4 kg, and the annual average residue was 0.67-0.80 kg. In the case of picking up plastic film after cotton harvest or picking up plastic film in the spring of the following year, in 667 square meters of cotton fields planted with plastic film cotton for 3-8 years, the plastic film residue reached 6.83-15.07 kg, with an average annual residue of 2.28-2.55 kg. These residual films are mainly distributed in the 0-15 cm soil layer, accounting for 60%-90% of the total residue. The residual film can not be combined with soil colloid, and when accumulated to a certain amount, it will seriously destroy the physical properties of soil. At the same time, slow down the speed of up and down infiltration of soil moisture; affect the quality of cultivated land, soil preparation, sowing, ploughing and fertilization; cause rotten seeds, decrease the rate of seedling emergence; affect the binding and extension of roots, and then affect the normal growth and development of cotton aboveground parts. the shedding of buds and bolls increased and the yield decreased.

At present, the conventional furrow irrigation cotton field still uncovers the film manually before the drip water, while the drip irrigation cotton field under the film uncovers the edge of the film before drip water, and then uncover the whole film in August. Actively demonstrate, test, popularize shallow-buried and deep-buried drip irrigation under the film, and manually uncover the film before wide sealing, so as to reduce the labor intensity and pollution of the film.