Multiple cropping and three-dimensional planting techniques of Cotton in Huaibei area

Multi-cropping three-dimensional planting is a high-yield and high-efficiency agricultural production form and supporting comprehensive technical system in line with the biological population structure. The development of multi-cropping three-dimensional planting can achieve good economic, social and ecological benefits.

I. the mechanism of developing multi-cropping and three-dimensional planting of cotton in Huaibei area.

1. Adjust measures to local conditions and pay attention to efficiency. Cotton three-dimensional planting involves a variety of crops, a variety of factors, a variety of disciplines, with a strong time, regional, comprehensive and scientific. Therefore, according to the conditions of land and climate in Huaibei area, appropriate time and varieties should be selected for cultivation.

2. Optimize the configuration and improve the utilization rate of light energy. Cotton multi-cropping three-dimensional planting can form a compound population with the help of the allocation of tall and dwarf crops, Gramineae and legumes, narrow leaves and broad leaves, shade-loving and shade-tolerant crops, so as to increase the photosynthetic area per unit area and photosynthetic efficiency.

3. Make use of the growing season to improve the land utilization rate. Through cotton multi-cropping intercropping, the total days of crop growth can be reduced, and the growth period of different crops can be improved together during the symbiotic period. Overlap alternately, avoiding the time taken by single planting from planting to harvest, reasonable collocation of different crops and varieties, giving full play to their strengths and avoiding weaknesses, so as to achieve mutual benefit and complementarity.

Second, stubble arrangement. Crop stubble after late September to mid-October, ploughing and soil preparation, sufficient base fertilizer, the whole border bread moisture width of 310 cm. In late October, 70 cm in the middle was sown and 4 rows of green vegetables were planted on each side, with a spacing of 25 cm × 20 cm, with 12900 plants per hectare, giving way to stubble before and after the Spring Festival. Potato sprouting was carried out in late January; in mid-February, green vegetables were harvested and fertilized and planted with plastic film on both sides (80 cm wide at the bottom of the ridge and 60 cm wide on the ridge), with a row spacing of 90 cm × 20 cm. 64500 plants were planted per hectare, and stubble was harvested from mid-May to late May. Cotton seedlings were raised in a nutrition bowl in early April, and in late May, potatoes were fully transplanted according to a wide row of 100 cm, a narrow row of 55 cm and a plant spacing of 30-35 cm.

3. Main cultivation techniques

1. Green vegetables: the dwarf gang varieties with high quality, high yield and cold tolerance are selected for overwintering cabbage. 2250 grams of seeds per hectare were sown and raised seedlings in late September and transplanted in late October. During the growing period, we should pay attention to the operation of fertilizer and water, persist in gently watering and frequently watering, and apply dilute manure to lift seedlings once after waking up; pour antifreeze water before and after the cold spell, and then apply heavy fertilizer once, with 22500 kg of rotten manure per hectare, and harvest before and after the Spring Festival.

2. Potato: early ripening and virus-free varieties are selected for potato. One month before sowing, the disease-free seed potato with smooth epidermis, bright shape and symmetrical bud eyes was selected and cut into about 25 grams for sprouting and sowing. Before sowing, 37500 kg of organic fertilizer was applied per hectare, 25% compound fertilizer 750kg, spray chemical removal (1000 times 50% Acetochlor liquid) after sowing, covering plastic film. After emergence, break the membrane in time and apply a small amount of dilute dung water. The height of the seedling is more than 10 cm and once more manure is applied, combined with soil cultivation to promote the seedling to grow strong. Potato cubes should be watered and moisturized in case of drought during the expansion period. In the early flowering stage, 50 mg / kg paclobutrazol was sprayed 1-2 times to regulate the plant reasonably and accelerate the transport of photosynthate to the ground, which was harvested and put on the market in mid-late May.

3. Cotton: the seedlings were raised in a nutrition bowl in the first ten days of April and pseudo-planted in the first and middle of May. When transplanting, hit the deep pond according to the predetermined plant row spacing, pour enough water after planting, fill the soil, improve the transplanting quality, shorten the slow seedling period, apply reasonable fertilizer, apply sufficient base fertilizer, and apply seedling fertilizer lightly. Apply more bud fertilizer, re-apply flower and boll fertilizer, and cover top fertilizer.