Cultivation methods of improved varieties of Schisandra chinensis

Schisandra chinensis is a magnoliaceae plant, is a valuable Chinese medicine, with lung, kidney, antiperspirant, antidiarrheal, astringent essence effect. Schisandra chinensis likes humid environment (but is not resistant to low-dust flooding), cold-resistant, needs moderate shade, suitable for humus soil or loose and fertile loam. It has strong adaptability and can be planted in the north and south of our country. Often wild in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, gullies, both sides of streams, small trees and bushes or forest margins and open places in the forest.

Breeding methods of improved varieties

1. Seed propagation. After the fruit is harvested in autumn, the pulp is removed and the seeds are washed and dried in the sun. The seed treatment should be carried out before sowing. The method is as follows: after soaking the seeds at room temperature for 1 day and night, mix them with 3 times the amount of clean river sand and bury them in a cooler place. After 4 months, the radicle was exposed from the crack of the seed, and the seed could be sown. When the seeds were treated, soaking the seeds with gibberellin solution of 100~200ppm for 24 hours could promote the seed germination. Usually sowing seedlings in late autumn or early spring, the amount of seed per mu is about 5 kg, covering soil 1.5 cm, watering thoroughly and covering grass to keep the soil moist. After emergence, remove the grass cover, set up a frame for shade, and maintain a small amount of sunlight. It can be planted in the early spring of the second or third year.

2. Striping propagation. Before the plant germinates in early spring, part of the branches of the plant are buried in the soil and often watered to keep the soil moist. After the new roots of the branches are produced, the branches are cut off from the plants in late autumn or the following spring for planting.

3. Cuttage propagation. Before sprouting in early spring or in the rainy season after flowering, the solid and robust branches were cut into a section of 12 cm long (the cut should be flat) and obliquely inserted into the seedbed with a row spacing of 12 cm and a plant spacing of 6 cm. Then shade was built and watered frequently to promote rooting and survival, and set the value in the following spring.

Field management skills

1. Planting. There are two methods for planting Schisandra chinensis: one is to use natural scaffolds. That is to say, using trees as scaffolds, the tree species selected as natural scaffolds should have smaller leaves and less prosperous growth potential; second, it is appropriate to use artificial scaffolds. The artificial support can plant Schisandra chinensis seedlings according to the specifications of large row spacing of 1 meter, small row spacing of 60 cm and plant spacing of 50 cm. The row direction is north-south to facilitate ventilation and light transmission.

2. Integrated field management. Schisandra chinensis grows slowly in the seedling stage, so attention should be paid to weeding, loosening the soil and watering properly. After the second year, the support can be used for branch climbing, and attention should be paid to maintaining ventilation and transparent light to promote growth. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer at the time of planting, topdressing should be carried out every spring, with 15002500kg of stable manure or compost per mu and 1520kg of superphosphate per mu. In order to regulate plant nutrition and reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption, pruning is also needed. The pruning season is after plant dormancy in winter and before germination in spring. In the method of pruning, except for 3 or 4 coarse branches per plant, the rest were cut off, and the short branches, overdense middle fruit branches and long fruit branches were cut off, so as to increase the ability of ventilation and light transmission and increase the amount of fruit.

3. Pest control. Leaf blight and leaf curl pests are common diseases and insect pests of Schisandra chinensis. Leaf blight at the beginning of the disease from the leaf tip and leaf edge, gradually developed to the whole leaf surface, so that it withered yellow shedding, serious ear shedding, or even no harvest at all. Before or at the initial stage of the disease, 1 ∶ 1 ∶ Bordeaux solution was sprayed once every 7 to 10 days for several times, and leaf rollers caused damage to larvae and caused leaf curls. 50% phoxim EC 1500 times or 50% phoxim EC 1500 times can be used for prevention and treatment. That is, a good control effect can be achieved.