Rapid and High-yield cultivation techniques of Schisandra chinensis

Schisandra chinensis (schisandrachinensis (Turcz) Baill.Hist.) Distributed in northeast China is a wild woody vine fruit tree, the fruit is not only a commonly used valuable traditional Chinese medicine, but also the raw material for processing fruit wine and fruit juice beverage. Due to the destruction of human factors such as long-term predatory picking, wild resources are scarce. While strengthening the protection of resources, large-scale artificial cultivation is the fundamental way to solve the shortage of raw materials. According to many years' research results and production experience, the practical cultivation techniques of Schisandra chinensis are provided for reference only.

1. Land selection: choose flat land with good drainage and groundwater level below 1 meter.

2. Planting: the cultivated varieties should select high-quality seedlings, it is best to adjust the seedlings from the seedling base which is colder than that in this area, the row spacing of the planting plants should be adjusted according to local conditions, and it is best to use a little biological special fertilizer when planting.

3. Soil management: ploughing and weeding many times a year, keeping the soil loose and free of weeds in the planting belt. After the fruit was harvested, the whole garden was deeply ploughed with a depth of 20m / 25cm, and the sprouting produced at the base of the plant in the previous year was removed in time. Irrigation was carried out before budding and during the growing period of berries.

4. Fertilization: timely and appropriate amount of fertilizer according to the soil fertility and the growth of Schisandra chinensis.

5. Shaping and pruning

5.1 stand pole

The branches of Schisandra chinensis are soft and can not stand upright, and need to grow upward by winding with sticks, so its shaping needs to be completed by artificial setting up poles and combined with pruning.

5.2 Winter pruning

Winter pruning can be carried out from 3 weeks after defoliation to before the beginning of injury in the following year, but it is appropriate to finish it in mid-late March. When pruning, the shearing mouth is 2-2.5cm away from the eye, and no lateral branches are left in the surface 30cm shelf. When the main vine is not covered with the shelf surface, only the immature part of the main vine is cut off; the pruning of the opposite side vine is mainly medium-long shoot pruning (leaving 6 Mel 8 buds) to maintain 15-20cm, 15 medium-long branches per plant are suitable for cutting, and leaf clump branches are not pruned in principle. In order to promote the germination of basal buds, the training reserve branches can also be pruned by short shoots and ultra-short shoots (leaving 1 mi 3 buds). The medium-long branches cut in the previous year should be retracted in time, and only one leaf clump or middle-long branch should be retained at the base, so when pruning, it is an important part of the lower fruit, and most of the upper nodes are easy to form leaf clumps, and the elongated branches of the previous year are also an important part of the fruit. most of the upper nodes are also easy to form leaf clumps, so it is necessary to look for alternative branches in the lower part when pruning. When it is found that a main vine is old or the part moves up and the lower part is bald, the strong sprouting tillers from the base of the plant should be selected to make a new main vine and get rid of the old vine. After the plant enters the adult, there are often large and well-developed basal buds at the intersection of the main and lateral branches, and most of these buds can pull out very strong branches, which creates good conditions for the renewal of lateral branches and should be used carefully.

5.3 Summer shelf management

When the plant is young, the selected main vine should be tied to the bamboo pole in time to promote its upward growth. in principle, the new shoots of mature trees need not be bound, and if they are too long, they can be left with about 10 knots. if the lateral vine (fruiting mother branch) is too long or the load is large, the necessary binding should be given to avoid breaking the branches.

6. Pest control

Powdery mildew and black spot are two common diseases of Schisandra chinensis, which usually occur in early June. The main pests harmful to Schisandra chinensis are heart-eating insects, foam bullets, adults of beetles and Dendrolimus punctatus. Most of the damage period is from late May to late August, and the prevention and control methods are as follows.

The onset period of the two diseases was similar. The two diseases were sprayed once in late May, and the same amount of Bordeaux solution was sprayed once in 10 days if no disease occurred.

0.3 min 0.5 degree stone-sulfur mixture or 800-fold solution of thionine and methyl topiramate wettable powder; black spot disease was prevented and treated with mancozeb 50% wettable powder 600 Mel 800-fold solution. If the two diseases show a development trend, the mixture of Tetrandrine and mancozeb can be used for sexual control, and the concentration can still be used in the above concentration.

In the management, pay attention to the rational distribution of branches and vines, appropriately increase the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, in order to improve the disease resistance of the plant; clean up the diseased branches and leaves before sprouting, burn them or bury them deeply, and spray the 5-degree stone-sulfur mixture in the whole garden once.

7. Increase fruit and prevent frost

Schisandra chinensis in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces are extremely vulnerable to late frost, and even lead to the loss of production in the same year. Spraying fruit anti-frost agent twice a year can not only resist the attack of late frost, but also increase fruit yield by 10-40%.

8. Application of new achievements

(1) Fructus Schisandrae Huangyeling this product is a powder specially used to treat yellow leaf disease and white leaf disease of Schisandra chinensis. 7Mel is effective in 10 days.

(2) according to the growth characteristics of Schisandra chinensis, the biological fertilizer is made by using chicken manure with high nutrient content as base material, adding plant micro-powder, various trace elements and acid regulating agents, and using biological agents containing more than 80 kinds of microbial flora. It is a special fertilizer that can be quickly absorbed and utilized by Schisandra chinensis plants, especially as a mouth fertilizer with long effective period, safety and high efficiency.