Production Technology of buried Lentinus edodes

I. scope

This technology stipulates the management standard of planting Lentinus edodes on off-season covered land.

This technique is suitable for planting Lentinus edodes in out-of-season land.

Second, the selection of cultivation sites

The main results are as follows: 1. The cultivation site should be selected in the mountainous field with good ecological environment, fresh air, good water quality, unpolluted soil, no various pollution sources around 300 meters, mountains from east to west, short light, and large temperature difference between day and night, and the water source should be mountain spring water or reservoir water. the terrain is relatively flat, drainage and irrigation is convenient, transportation is convenient.

2. Fields that are often hit by hail and are easily flooded will not be used as mushroom farms.

III. Social conditions

1. Farmers who grow Lentinus edodes covered with soil must have the technology and funds to implement the laws and regulations stipulated in the measures for the Administration of Edible Mushroom strains of the Ministry of Agriculture of the people's Republic of China.

2. those without skills must be trained to carry out cultivation under the guidance of technicians or in pairs with old growers.

Fourth, the production of bacterial bags

1. Selection of cultivation season. In order to ensure normal mushroom production from June to September, it is appropriate to make bags from late November of that year to early March of the following year.

2. Cultivation substrate. Sawdust, elephant grass and cottonseed hull medium were used. Sawdust, elephant grass, cottonseed hull, wheat bran and corn meal are required to be fresh, dry, moth-free, mildew-free and pesticide residues. Cultivation material formula: a, broadleaf tree (dry) sawdust 79%, wheat bran 16.56%, corn meal 2%, sucrose 1.2%, gypsum powder 1.2%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.02%, magnesium sulfate 0.02%. B, broad-leaved tree (dry) sawdust 60%, elephant grass (dry) powder 20%, wheat bran 13.49%, corn flour 1%, rice husk 2%, sucrose 0.8%, gypsum powder 1.6%, activated carbon 0.15%, plant ash 0.41%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15%, magnesium sulfate 0.15%, calcium superphosphate 0.25%. C, broadleaf tree (dry) sawdust 50%, cottonseed hull 30%, wheat bran 17%, sucrose 1%, gypsum powder 1%, activated carbon 0.15%, plant ash 0.4%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15%, magnesium sulfate 0.15%, calcium superphosphate 0.15%.

3. Bagging. According to the selected formula, mix the culture material evenly, with a water content of 60%. The bagging machine is usually operated by rotation of 3 people, one person filling material and one person filling bag. When operating, put the bag into the outlet with one hand, press the bottom of the bag with the other hand while feeding, slowly push it back until a bag is full, and then fasten the mouth of the bag with yarn rope.

V. Sterilization and vaccination

1. Sterilization. 10h-12h was sterilized under high pressure (1.5Mpa125 ℃) for 2 hours or under normal pressure (100 ℃).

2. Inoculation. The inoculation environment is required to be clean, dry and disinfected; after the material temperature is cooled below 28 ℃, put into the inoculation box or sterile room; put an appropriate amount of disinfectant in the inoculation box or sterile room, and inoculate after closed fumigation for 0.5 h; each cultivation bag is inoculated with 30 bags.

VI. Mycelium culture

1. Culture room. Should be regularly disinfected, required to be clean, dry, ventilated and shaded.

2. Training methods. Inoculation face up, using the "well" shape stacked.

3. Training and management. The temperature of the bacteriological room is 22 ℃ 25 min, and the relative humidity of the air is 65 min 70%; shading the light with straw curtains to make the bacteriological room basically dark; timely opening the windows for ventilation and ventilation to keep the air in the bacteriological room fresh; and once within a week after inoculation, combined with turning over the heap to check, remove the bad bacterial bags in time.

4. Disassemble glue and exhaust. 15Mel 20 days later, when the mycelium spread in the bag has reached diameter 8-10cm, you can take apart a corner of the tape or tape affixed to the inoculation mouth, lest the oxygen in the bag is insufficient, affecting the continued growth of the mycelium in the next stage; in some places, the sticker has been omitted and paraffin wax is used, so the wax on the inoculation hole should be pried off; care should be taken when opening the tape to prevent the bag from being torn apart.

5. Quality standard of bacterial bag. Under normal circumstances, when the bacterial bag is inoculated for 60 days, the hyphae can basically grow all over the bag, continue to culture, the hyphae gradually thicken, and a white bacterial membrane will be formed in some places, and then the surface of the culture medium begins to wrinkle and contract a little, and secrete light yellow liquid. The bacterial bag is basically mature and can be moved to the mushroom shed for the next step of management, such as changing color and covering soil.

7. Take off the bag and change the color to cover the soil

1. Take off the bag. The cultivation of Lentinus edodes covered with land requires the cultivation of 90d-110d in the bag, so that the bacteria in the bag can be basically mature and can be removed. Cut the plastic of the bacterial bag with a sharp blade, peel off both ends of the bag, then peel off the bag, and then arrange it flat on the border.

2. Disinfect mushroom beds. After cleaning the mushroom bed, rinse it with water, spray the border surface with 6Kg bleach or 50Kg lime water for 3 days, then spray the border surface with 2Kg copper sulfate, cover the film, disinfect for 3 days, then remove the film, cover the 2cm sand layer, sprinkle the border surface with 1 bottle of caprylic acid, 2.5Kg formaldehyde and water 70Kg, and cover the film for 3 days. After opening the film, sprinkle 70Kg on the border with 0.5Kg potassium permanganate and water, then sprinkle with a layer of lime to drain the canister.

3. Change color. Cover the film in time after the bacteria bag is arranged on the border surface, cover the film while removing the bag and cover the film at the same time. After 3 days, the film must be completely opened on the 4th day. When miscellaneous bacteria are found, it is necessary to clean up and treat in time and cover the film with lime powder. On the fifth day, strengthen ventilation once in the morning and evening, half an hour to 1 hour, and rinse the bacterial tube with clean water, combined with the prevention and control of miscellaneous bacteria to change color.

4. The fungus tube is covered with soil. The soil covering the fungus tube must choose the sandy core soil below the topsoil 30cm, dig out the core soil, expose it in the hot sun for 2 days, sift and remove debris, and mix in 10% lime powder or burning soil and plant ash. Wait for the bacterial tube to change color 80 Mel 90%, stop watering 4 Mel for 5 days, fill in the adjusted covering soil, and compact slightly until the surface of the bacterial tube is covered with 3cm, so that the bacterial tube is completely covered. No film cover during the day, film cover at night, watering times increase, no matter sunny or rainy days, the field ditch into the flow of stream water or mountain spring water, reservoir water, it is best to change once a day, when the film is covered in rainy days, but not in sunny days.

8. Management of mushroom production

1. Mushroom promotion. After the watering management of the fungus tube during the color conversion period, stop watering for 4mur5 days, then use the method of alternating wet to promote mushrooms, or pour water high and fall on the surface of the mushroom tube for 3 times, a large number of small mushrooms can be produced, and vibration should not be used to promote mushrooms until it is a last resort. In order to protect the fungus tube and promote the production of high-quality mushrooms, the excess mushroom buds must be removed.

2. Prophase management. The cultivation of Lentinus edodes covered with land is mostly used for out-of-season cultivation to fill the market demand of fresh Lentinus edodes in summer. The first batch of mushrooms occurred after taking off bags, generally from May to early June, the temperature changed from low to high, but the temperature at night was low, the temperature difference between day and night was large, and it was rainy season with high humidity, which was beneficial to the differentiation and kink of fruiting bodies. Due to the gradual rise in temperature, ventilation should be strengthened, the general film hanging high, do not let Rain Water bacteria tube. When the first batch of Lentinus edodes is harvested, put the border ditch water, stop watering, reduce the humidity of the mushroom bed, restore the growth of mycelium and accumulate nutrients, the mycelium of the traces (depressions) of mushrooms to be picked has been restored and poured back to the border ditch water. and strengthen watering stimulation to promote the rapid kink formation of the next batch of fruiting bodies.

3. Mid-term management. This period is from late June to late July, which is the season with the highest temperature of the year, and the mushroom production is less. at present, the cultivation of Lentinus edodes in our county depends on the natural temperature, combined with man-made regulation, and the medium-term management mainly reduces the temperature of the mushroom bed and promotes the occurrence of fruiting body. generally diverting water from mountain springs or reservoirs to increase flow, increase ventilation to cool down, and prevent high-temperature burning of bacteria tubes.

4. Post-management. This period is from late August to the end of September, the hot summer has passed, the temperature has dropped, the mushroom tube has been in the early and middle stages of nutrition consumption, the mycelium of Lentinus edodes is not as exuberant as in the early stage. Therefore, in this stage of bacterial tube management, attention should be paid to preventing rotten canisters and mushrooms. If miscellaneous bacteria are found, smear the affected area with 5% cresol soap or 100 times carbendazim, brush it with 5% lime water the next day, and move the germ tube elsewhere to centralize isolation management to prevent infection.

IX. Harvest

According to the demand of the international market, the picking standard of Lentinus edodes cultivated on fresh-covered land is usually higher than that of dehydrated mushrooms. It is generally required that Lentinus edodes should be separated from about 5, and should be picked when the fungus is not completely broken, and the scales on the lid should be preserved as far as possible, and the lid should not show signs of abrasions. When filling, to prevent sawdust or other sundries from falling on the fold, keep the appearance of fresh mushrooms clean.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

1. Principle of prevention and control. Adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention and comprehensive prevention, and strictly control the prevention and control of chemicals.

2. Prevention and control of main diseases. The main diseases are mold (Trichoderma, Neurosporum, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus) and bacteria and viruses. The preventive measures are as follows: keep the environment clean and hygienic, remove the diseases in time, carry out harmless treatment, and prohibit the use of chemical pesticides during mushroom production.

3. Main pest control. The main pests are concave yellow beetle, mulberry longicorn beetle, light false beetle, silk-eating valley moth, black-winged termites, slugs and nematodes. Prevention and control methods: barrier method to control pests, dig ditches around the mushroom field, and use shade nets on the top around the mushroom shed to prevent pests from flying in. The use of chemical pesticides is prohibited during mushroom production.