Prevent abnormal variation of Lentinus edodes

Lentinus edodes fruiting bodies often appear in the growth process of "candle mushroom", hole handle without cover, snow, "pine mushroom", "litchi mushroom", these are abnormal variation of Lentinus edodes, most of them belong to physiological diseases.

In addition to the poor strain or virus infection, the main man-made reasons are: improper selection of ① varieties. For example, medium-and low-temperature bacteria should be selected in high-altitude mountain areas. if high-temperature bacteria are misused, the mushroom buds will shrink and form "pineal mushrooms" when they encounter low temperatures in winter. The development of ② was not managed properly. If the mushroom buds in the bag appear early and cannot be stretched normally by the squeeze of the bag wall, the first generation of mushrooms are prone to deformities. The color conversion of ③ bag is not up to standard. It is not suitable for ④ bacteria tube to soak in water. In general, the moisture content of the mushroom tube begins to decrease after 2-3 batches of early-maturing varieties, so it should be soaked in time to replenish the liquid. However, some mushroom farmers cultivate late-maturing varieties, which are also immersed in water. As the late-maturing varieties are in the stage of primordium formation, water stimulation forces the primordium to differentiate early and only grow stalks, thus becoming a "candle mushroom". ⑤ humidity control and heat preservation is unreasonable. When the winter temperature is low, the film cover on the mushroom bed is uneven, and when attacked by the cold wind, the growing mushroom buds will shrink, dry or mutate. When the relative humidity is less than 70%, the mushroom stalk is soft or hollow.

Prevention method ① to understand bacteria to prevent introduction errors. Before cultivation, we must first find out the characteristics of the strain, select the appropriate variety according to local conditions, arrange the inoculation season in turn, and calculate the scheduled inoculation time. ② understands the mature characteristics of hyphae to prevent blind bagging. When the bag is removed too early and the hyphae do not reach physiological maturity, there will be more mutant mushrooms. To judge whether the mycelium is physiologically mature, we should master "one bacterial age and three standards". "one bacterial age" is about 60 days from the date of inoculation. The "three standards" are that the vesicular hyphae with tumor-like protuberances in the bag account for 2% of the total surface of the bag. 3. The local tan appears, and the bag in hand is soft and sexy. ③ master the law of color conversion to prevent the temperature from getting out of control. During the period of changing color, we should pay attention to the change of air temperature, the temperature should be controlled within 25 ℃ in the first 3 days, and the cover film of mushroom bed soil does not need to be opened and ventilated. Under normal circumstances, the color change ends in 12 days, and the first tide of mushrooms appears 3 days later. When changing color, the temperature should not be lower than 12 ℃ or higher than 25 ℃. The best temperature for mushroom production is 15 ℃. ④ mastered the principle of temperature change to prevent the stimulation of temperature difference from being enough. Cover the mushroom bed with a thin film during the day, and open the film for an hour after 12:00 at night, so that the temperature difference between day and night is more than 10 ℃. ⑤ timely, appropriate amount of water immersion, to prevent water humidity too low too early. It is difficult to produce mushrooms when the water content of the mushroom tube is less than 40%, and there are many small mushrooms. Generally, when the weight of the mushroom tube is 30% lower than the original, it is suitable to soak in water and reach 95% of the weight of the bag after water absorption. If the water is too full, it is easy to cause hyphae breathing difficulties, affecting the normal growth of mushrooms. The method of promoting mushroom by ⑥ should be appropriate to prevent dry and wet. After each batch of mushrooms are harvested, the film must be uncovered and ventilated for 6-7 days, so that the hyphae can absorb enough oxygen to restore their growth ability, and then turn to spray moisturizing, dry and wet alternately to promote the occurrence of the next tidal mushroom buds. ⑦ is harvested in time to prevent overripening. When the mushroom cover is crimped and the mushroom stalk is moderate, the mushrooms are collected once a day, and sometimes twice a day during the peak period of mushroom production in spring.