Cultivation of Xiuzhen mushroom in Lentinus edodes shed in high altitude mountain area in summer

Pleurotus geesteranus belongs to medium temperature variety, fruiting range is 15~28℃, the most suitable temperature is 18~22℃, fruiting naturally in spring and autumn. Due to the variable-temperature fruiting characteristics of Pleurotus geesteranus, fruiting body formation can be promoted by appropriate low-temperature stimulation (temperature difference above 10℃) under environmental conditions higher than fruiting temperature range. At present, in the summer high temperature season exceeding 28 DEG C, the method of placing physiologically mature fungus bags in cold storage at 2 - 4 DEG C for cold stimulation for 10 - 12 hours and then moving to mushroom house for mushroom production is adopted to carry out anti-season cultivation. This anti-season cultivation method is very suitable for enterprises and large cultivation households to carry out large-scale and intensive production. However, due to this anti-season cultivation method, besides mushroom house, cold storage needs to be built, and fungus bags need to be moved back and forth between mushroom house and cold storage. Not only does it require a large investment, but it is also laborious and laborious, and the production cost is high.

If the cold climate and temperature difference between day and night in summer in high altitude mountainous area can be utilized to produce Pleistocene geesteranus in out-of-season under natural conditions, the investment and production cost of out-of-season production of Pleistocene geesteranus can be reduced. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study and develop the cultivation techniques of Pleurotus geesteranus at high altitude and out of season. In summer of 2004, we carried out the experiment of out-of-season cultivation of Pleurotus geesteranus in Hedi Village, Hedi Town, Qingyuan County, with an altitude of 1040m. The cultivation techniques of Pleurotus geesteranus at high altitude and out of season are summarized as follows.

1. There are great differences in mushroom shape and quality among different strains of Pleurotus geesteranus, such as some strains have short and thick mushroom stems, some strains have large mushroom caps and slender mushroom stems, and some strains have loose mushroom quality. When cultivating, strains should be selected according to market requirements to meet the needs of customers. The new strain "Nongxiu No. 1" was bred by our institute. The size of mushroom cap was 1~3cm, the length of mushroom stem was 3~5cm, the thickness was 1~1.5cm, the fruiting body was fruiting, the cap was light gray, the mushroom stem was white, the commercial property was good, the yield was high, and it was suitable for cultivation in high altitude area.

2. Arrangement of cultivation season The conventional cultivation season of Pleurotus geesteranus is generally from September to May of the following year, and the fruiting period is concentrated in the middle and late October to the late November and the late April to May. According to the characteristics of medium temperature fruiting and variable temperature fruiting of Pleurotus geesteranus, combined with the climate characteristics of cool summer and large temperature difference at high altitude, the experiment showed that the fruiting season of anti-season cultivation at high altitude could be arranged from July to September, which could be completely staggered with the fruiting season at low altitude, so as to achieve the purpose of making up for the shortage and optimizing the price. The time for making cultivation bags should be arranged in May.

3 Bagging sterilization ① Formula: cottonseed hull 33%, sawdust 55%, bran 5%, corn flour 2%, brown sugar 1%, calcium carbonate 1%, gypsum powder 1%, lime 2%. When making bags at high temperature, lime dosage increased to 3%, which could avoid acidification of culture medium and inhibit hypha growth of Pleurotus geesteranus, and effectively prevent infection of miscellaneous bacteria. At the same time, the moisture content of culture medium should be controlled at about 60% to shorten the growth cycle and improve the quality of bacteria.② Bagging sterilization: select high-quality polyethylene or polypropylene plastic bags with specifications of 18cm×36cm× 0.045 cm, plastic collar inner diameter of 3.5 cm and height of 3 cm. The feeding amount can be slightly less than that of plain conventional season cultivation, and the dry material loading amount per bag is about 500g. Bagging should be light, double ring seal, good ventilation, conducive to bacteria; bagging and handling process, should pay attention to prevent sand or sharp objects puncture bag, so as not to cause miscellaneous bacteria pollution. After bagging, timely enter the oven for sterilization. When installing the stove, a certain gap should be left between the material bags in the stove, so that the steam can reach all the material bags evenly, so as not to form a sterilization dead angle. Autoclave sterilization method is adopted, and it is required to keep the pressure at 1.5kg for 3h. The atmospheric sterilization should be kept for 14~ 16h after the temperature in the oven reaches 100℃. The sterilized material bags should be moved into the cooling chamber or inoculation chamber in time.

4 Inoculation and germ management When the temperature of the material drops below 28℃, inoculate the cultivated seeds in the inoculation box (room) according to aseptic operation. After inoculation, place it in a ventilated and cool room to develop bacteria, and the temperature of the bacteria room should be controlled at 23~25℃. If inoculation is early (early May), the temperature in high altitude area is still low, concentrated stacking can be used to increase the temperature of culture chamber by using its own heat generation, and heating measures can be taken if necessary to meet the temperature required for mycelium growth of Pleurotus geesteranus; At the later stage of growth culture (mid-late June to July), if the temperature is too high in the daytime (higher than 30℃), the door and window should be closed during the day to prevent hot air from invading the culture room, and the method of ventilation and cooling at night should be adopted to regulate the temperature of the culture room to meet the needs of hypha growth and post-ripening of Pleurotus geesteranus to the maximum extent; and check the temperature of the bacteria bag in time. If the temperature is too high, the stacking layer and density should be reduced in time to dissipate heat and prevent high temperature burning. The light in the culture room should be dark to prevent the premature appearance of primordia in the upper part of the bacteria bag. After hyphae grown in bags, at about 25℃, continue to culture for 20 days and then carry out fruiting management.

5 Mushroom shed preparation and mushroom production management Select a place with good ventilation conditions as the mushroom production place, and use the idle period mushroom (flower mushroom) shed for summer cultivation. Before the mushroom bags enter the shed, properly increase the thickness of shade on the top of the shed to prevent direct sunlight from entering the shed, and introduce flowing mountains and rivers into the shed if conditions permit; spray water on the top of the shed to cool down to the maximum extent during high temperature period, keep the mushroom shed and surrounding environment clean, and sprinkle 1 layer of lime on the ground inside the shed. Move the fungus bags full of hyphae and ripened to the mushroom shed, cut off the bag mouth along the material surface, stack them on the low-layer flower mushroom cultivation racks such as the 1st, 2nd and 3rd layers in a wall-type manner, increase ventilation at night, make full use of the temperature difference between day and night at high altitude, and promote budding and fruiting; at this time, measures such as spraying water and keeping the mushroom shed moist shall be taken to keep the material surface moist, and ventilation shall be strengthened after spraying water. It shall be noted that spraying water on the material surface shall not be carried out during high temperature in the daytime. During the growth and development of buds and fruiting bodies, the humidity in the mushroom shed should be kept at 85%~90% by keeping the ground moist and spraying water in space, so as to avoid spraying water directly on the mushroom body to avoid causing dead mushrooms. 1. Clean the material surface after the tide mushroom is finished, and after 5~7 days of culture without water, according to the method of first tide mushroom, stimulate the budding and fruiting by spraying water and temperature difference.

Pleurotus geesteranus grows fast after fruiting, reaches the commodity standard required by the market, and is harvested in batches in time. Due to the high temperature in summer, it should be precooled in time after harvesting, and stored and marketed at low temperature to avoid acidification and yellowing of the mushroom body, which leads to the decline of mushroom quality. After picking 1 tide, clean up the material surface in time to prepare for the improvement of tide. Generally, 5~6 tide mushrooms can be harvested.